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Ĵڼתɫĵƹ⣬һ㱻صĿʼ
滳ϵĸо
12.27 ꡿

Ϊ˾Ϲ

һգһת󣬵ϥ΢й漴һǡ
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ǺǣСѵöʲôȤȻǱСĻ͸ҲûκⰡٱ˵߶֡
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໹̫ˡʹץס˸ղŵĿ϶Ҳֻ˵һ㡣ٶȣһϣô죿ֻ˵

ߣڲǿ˼ǷƯʱɡ
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15ӣֻó15Ӿͺá15ӣԹŶˡ߶ɣ忼ԵĿҲỨ̫ʱ䡣
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죬עõĲԼˡ

ܾԺҺ֮ǣĵһʱǻסЦԼ档
ʵϣҵôáʱûкս׳ɹûʱ̳䣬ôҿԶȲԼ

뿪ʱţܼҲѾ뿪һ̾⣬ֻʣɫͱ̼ϵҡ
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еЩƬαԽԽԽԽ
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08.12.27 ꡿

Լ

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ԼŵĶȻΪ˸Ůˡ
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Ȼֱ׵ؾܾҡ
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ŤҰͷɽӡ
֮ûĹϵôһӶһղƽ͵ദ
վڷ˼ϣûͨӵůƽ
ûУҲûС
ûֹ˯ɳľٶ˵š鰡һûСҴ۾￴ûпֹ
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κ˿硣
壬ʼǻӰŵųעվߴˡ
۾
໥ã˵ǵˣо仰ȴǲܲ˵ġ
壬лл㣬ҡ
08.12.27 ꡿

ѵճ̱

磬һ
ǾǣԶҪ²һ塣
Դˣид
ҪһʱҾȵֱӴԡ˳ſǽߵĳ˾һٺ
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죡˭˵ҧгݵعԡۣһƨɳϡֻҪסһʵŵԾˣ粽ļӾ˰ɡ
а̯̯֣һϴһʧҿûôʱȥ㡣һȽϷ㡣
ŵųҪкܶæ𣿡
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ιʿɶɡ
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08.12.30 ꡿

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˯ǰӰǿƽԼǰĨ޷ıˡ
ԺҲ˵ƭ˵ˡ
Ϊ죬ۼ֤ʵ
ҿˣҶʧĶ
08.12.30 ꡿



ܾԺ󣬺ģ˵Ǵ֮ӽʵ̸п֡Ҷ˵ʱĿ壬һֵĸо
͵Ц
Գҡҡͷ˵ѣȴִôá
ҡҡͷֵʳָǰһε
˵ˡ

ҺͿֻص״̬Ա˴˵̬ȶʹǰһ룬·֮ĺƽദһ¥Ҵδ࣬Ҳδ˯š
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һץ죬šȻޱ飬ֱҵ۾
ֹȴһ˻ȥ˿ңֿ˿壬Цһ˵Աߡѡų
һֱֱɫ籦ʯ۾ӣ档
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ҶԼ֣첻
ǡͻȻЦ˳һЦ޷ֹͣ
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ԳҡҡͷҳĻ̫ˡ:Ŵ޷ܵΡ
Ĩȥ飬һỷס˿ĲӣڿߵૣܿƵط
Цһ漴Ҳ˵һ仰˵꣬˹ȥ
˵壬Ӯˡ
˵֪
08.12.31 ꡿



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ǽˣ΢ɶϽӲı飬Ҷ΢Ц
ӦòɡҲ˾䡣
пͼͳˡմ
ü
˵⻰ʱûиоһ˿ϵı򳰷·˵һôϡƽ顣
ΪЩУ
ЦпͼңȻҪϹǿ̫ࡣ
룬Ҵ޷Щ˵ĥϰߵĴڡ
𣿡
Ҫծ

㻹Ƿᡣ
ʲôʱǷôࣿҲ
ϴ˵һһ⡣
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ұߡ
ҾԲῴ˴˿ֻ
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ĵҵȻ㣡
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ǣԲҪһᱻեɳɸʬģ
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ʵڶԲҽպûпĻʻңһȥ̾ͰǮȥ𣿡
̽ؿһᣬ漴֪ĶͳһſƬ
Ƭҵĵ绰ʻǮ֪ͨңԺԴۡ
лл
Ҹˡ
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΢ЦĿ뿪ҵ˲
Ŀ壡ΪҲǴǮģô찡
һᣬɴ԰ͺˣ
Ա鷳ٸһȣ˳õһһݣƿþƣлл
Ȼ鲻þҪʳ
Ҳúȡ˭˵׼ҺȾƵģĸסиĹܼңҾͺȸǿ
һСʱ¿տյľƿſǽ֮У̧ͷſڣһλˡ˭أ
ģɫгɫĳ㣬ɫ̷ϸסǰİɫŷȡ
һƯ
˭ţ
ߵҵǰһֻϣӴսҡޱȵ˲ҵǰŴģ
˧羹Ȼڿҡ
֪ڼ𣿡
˧ڸҽ˧
ͲôóԵİ
˧ҺýƤáʲôָУ
Ⱦˣ
ʲôָУһҪԡԡˣָð
˧Ҫɱˡ
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ιȥˡ

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뵽컹ûⶾԲԸһŮˡʵûģֱһֵΧ˵עӣһ·ĳ˿˻
ŵʱϵ˹ʼ޴ֱ֣ܿɵ͵͵ĳ
Ҳ
üؿˮ
ֻںʱ򣬲ԸԼԴ𣿡
Ӹ¿һᣬת뿪
ͻȻסͷ֣߬
ĸס
һƬ
ϱһɫʮ·ڡ
΢Цҧгݣ͵ذֳ˻
ĸףϹҸеȤ
09.1.1 ꡿

һ

ԡſڣǽ˫ֱ΢Цؿң޺Ц˺޵
ںЩ𣿡
Цԡص
ͷͻȻӽˮԣ
үһ֮Ķû𣿣ҸŮģŮİǱ˻ûа
ԡ̹ǵˮ̼ҵÿһƤ·ʪʪճճϣԴڲϵصˮ
ԹſǸпĺҴ򲻹㣬ѵܾŰɱ
ŬԼĸй٣Ц
ָл˰
Ǻǣؿѵ㲻Ƿֹõķ𣿡á
ҡڡشԡվԡϣѹס۽ǵĳ飬ҧгݵ
Ȼⷽٺòˡ
첽ߵǰ汻ҹǵĳУûش򿪴ص
Ĺ⾰Զһɲķ
ߵԱߣѴ¹ϣ˵׸ðŶ
Ƴһۣƫͷģ
ҵȻҪģ㲡ˣ˭ҽⶾ
壡
ٴߣ㲻㶯֣Ҳһˡ
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ʲôǾû
һЦûʲôȻˣͷˡ
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飬̧ͷЦǳҵ֣оǾΥˡʲô£
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ӭҪ׼ʲô𣿻Ǻ׼Ѷȫһȥ
ҿʼʿ޴⡣
ȷԭǲҪ׼ʲôġ鳾󲻹һƬɳܴܴȥ׼ʲôģȻ
ҵųʲô
ʣˣȥ˯˵ţұſԡҷȥ
ͻȻ
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һǿûлͷ˵ģӦòԡһ硯˼ɡ
šɡҲȷؿڡ
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ӦҪŵİɣϾҳϱǸ漣
߿壿ʲôЦ
ĬҵͷҲߴ١
ãĿڣûĳ䡣
ұϣϣȥ˿һůҸǳҵʵ
룬˵ʵǸҴ18硣
ǸסĸסȫȽĲп硣
ݲҵ硣
ôؿڣƾʲôΪһ͵磿
Ҷ˶٣𣺡һַʽĽѣȻǽѣһضðġĸ˵иڽãǸĵط
ûд𻰣תͷ컨壬ű顣
Ӧã֪ǸĴڡ
Ųӻصŵĵطޱؿҡ
ſ壬֪Ҷȥѣһһ֮ӡˡϣܹıǰðԸһ
ʹҲá
ҵأϣҸ
ҳʼ磬Цݡ
嶨ؿңû˵
һ룬ͻȻ¶˴Цݡ
һ룬תԡҡ
þþþղЦľԲǿġձˡ

գ
һǷ˲ŻջЦ
ٶϣҵͷһɣʼǿԼĴ侲
ֱ̫ʧˡȻʦˡҹȻˡ

ôоôŤ
Ǳʲô˶ŲšƵġ
壡ܴܲкϴôҪʲô
ҳԾŲ֪ʱŴǰĿܿƵؾͺ˳
һֳֻ壬ôЦЦض𾪵ҡҪǣ֮ľ롭ƺе̫ˡ
ܲҷ·һı飬ֻǺЦңʲô˵
ܲ
ðɣˡ
˺ˡ
ٿȥҵĺˡ
ܹˣ
壬ʲô𣿡ŬضЦݣƽ͡

ܲһЦĺ۰
壬ûµĻҪ˯ˡ

Ҫ˯˰

Ҫ˯ܲһ¡
ͻȻˡ
֪ûҾȥ˯ʲʲô
ҵɴ۾ſ壬ԺȻЩܲסͻȻת䡣
һˡˡþþþϹһǻþ
һǱո˴ͣ㲻Ҫκϣ
ȤˣһҪš



һֻḧҵ۾Թ۽ëͣϡ
Ҵߵĳ˲ֱ
˵Ҳˡ
09.1.2 ꡿

Լ

һֻḧҵۣԹ۽ëͣϡ
˵Ҳˡ

һ
Ҷ̲סȥš
Ĳˣڣȷˣ
ȷ
ȷˣ
ЦһΣղҾͲɱ㡣Ц٬
ǾͺãЦЦһ
ϴǰǸһġ
˰ˣ

ԣǡ𣿡
ҽӲسǣţļⲻȻضѻš
һ顣
Ҹı㻹ɡ
ɿ쳶ס½ǣ͵ס׼뿪壬ҷҵĶûô
Цԭĺ
ι˵õİ㷴ڰҽŵؿſ塣
һϧ
а˵ֻҪЦҾͲɱ㣬Цֻɱˡ
ҲЦ𣡣
ǽЦп뱻
ι壡
ҪڷȴϵЦݣɻ˴ϡ
ҺȻҿڡƱ䣬
Ҿôڴϣſڴϣֱ۾ϣĬ
ͬļ
Լôͻأؿڡ
Լ
Ҳɱ㣬ҪӦҼ
á
۾һۣӦǸɴࡣˣʲôɡ
ۿջصغһ˵ֻҪžͺáν
ô磬ΪʲôҪǿԼţʡ
ǿҲãһûֱӳͻ룬Ҷ磬ûô񡣡
ûôΪʲôҵĸоƿڣԼȥǸõĵط𣿡
ѻ졣
ҽӲػͷ壬ɿҲڿҡ
룬ܸʲôҵ˵
üëһЦû׷ȥ

ʾ
һʽ뿪꣬Ҫټ㣬Ҫš
סֵ
ꡭ𣿵ȷǸ̵ʱ䡭
ڶ󣬺Ҵһʱص㲻֪Ϊҽⶾʲôӡ
ҵͷ
֪Һһô˻
ˣڲɱ㣬Ժ㲻
ҪӮأ
ġ˵
ûˡ
Ѿֱ˵ҪɱҲˡ
ôټʱ˵
ҵſ壬߸һЦݡ
ˣԺ˵Ժ˵ɡҪڲӵĹˡ
һսء
ĻҲһɱҡ
ðɣͬ⡣һֻ࣬ǣԼͷͿ𣿡
ȻǡԼȻ󽻻

ʱ˵Ѵһʼʹڡ
䣬оһзĺ䡣
·עҪϻ˺

Ѵһʼʹڡ𣿡
ϸϸ׽仰ͷͻȻӿһɲ֪
ȱأſ壬ϣһĴ𰸡
ǰô죿ظҵĻ
Ҷ˶٣˵ѡѣҲ޷ֹ𣿡
ǣȷˡȻػش
ȻˣΪƽǶԼ˵һԼҲᡣ
˵꣬ͻȻһɫĴ顣
ڿעУұ۾֪ǿǲ֪ġ
۾ʱǰһŹƯڿеĺɫֽԱһ֧״ıʡ
ҵѪ֮Լҽ͡
ֵ֧ıʣɿƯŵֽдԼݣʼ⵹תָѪֽϡ
ֵˡ
ҳ鴤
ָϴ˸СԼʽ
Լ˫֮˱ôͻ̡֮˵ţתԼʧ

ѪҺתѡ

ĻҪʲô¡
ҰԼ´飬۾䵽˳ϡԳǣȡ˳ϵ壬ݸ˿塣
š
ӹ壬죬Ϊܴ󡣡
Ц壬˵ǿж
νļǶʲô壿
ſǸң壬Щꡣ
ҵĶת͸˱ˡ
ͬʱҲתѹϣĵӡ
帧ĦΧĥķԵ˵ûʲôԼˡ
Ҳÿɷʼ磬ȥѡ˿ϵһɫָ
ƺЩȣ࿴Ҽۣ·Ҫ۾￴ʲôƵġ
ӺջЦҲ޷
͵ش˸ȻоҪָʵǸ󡭡ȷǴ󰡡
ȡ½ָݸңԶԶû壬жСΪѡԶ
ƲƲ죬˵ʼûûСΪĶǴôΪΪʲôҪѡ
ǰЩŮ˶Ҫ
ǰЩŮ𣿡ҽӹָʳָϣΪֻмǶԶĿ塣
ʲô˼
һ飬æ֣ڸεĴЦݡ
ܲ˵ҵһμʱӰɡøҵͼϡ
һĬ漴Ƿ
ԭƭҲЦȴҪװᡭЦôҡ
ι˵˭Ц˭Цĳ󰡣
Լ֪û뵽ȻСЦݶø
˭˵ûҲǸ𣿣
Ц𣿡
ιʿɶֹʿ֩뾫
ȲİĸŮ
˵˭ĸ
û˵㰡




09.1.2 ꡿

˵еġĽԼ

۾֪,ˡ
ͻȻžԺ죬ȴԽˡûϤķҲǸ̲ס뺣
յķֻһǳĺ
۾
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Ұѱ͵ͷϡ
ҾԣκεĲϰߡ
Ǹ壬ҲŸհѶˣк뿪
СİϴŪ۾ˮͣϴʱôͻأرĳһ仰
ǿ尡
ĵɳϣصȫǿĻ˵Ǿ仰ʱ֪û˯ߣȴҲûд
˵ֶεĻţ㵽Ϊʲô
ݽɳһûһµزŪʳָϵĽָ
Ϊʲô⣬ôд𰸡
Ű˭أļ尾ˣ꣬ǣˡ
ѾûǿȥʲôνϹˡ
Ҳû˻ΪҶˡ
ĸ׵ĳҲˡ
ҲӦãֵԼ˰ɡ
ſ壬֪˵һʱ᲻ûɱң
Ｋطĵˣİ

ŭˡ
֩뾫ΪʲôпҲһ߰
һͷ߽ݣǸĵСͬؿңͲһĸԵӵ
Сģĺδ޷ݰǲǣ㻹ôᣬ˦ҲûϵһϧҸ³³һȷʵѡɣиڵܸô
žҶͷϵһ˳Ѿұ죡Сȱˣ
ſˡ100㵽ˡ
ǺǺǺǺǺǣܵӴ
һëȻƤԳȥЦֱֱسҵĶ䡣
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ҺȻһֲõԤС
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һ˲䣬Ͷˡ
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ǿ
ҷĸղЦľԲգôʣµӦþǱ̬˰ɡ
̬˧
ӳһ˫ϸĵۣɫ۾ͬʴĳƣһСľͻѡ촽·̣ľƺɫͷϸϸɢͷϣһ˵ԸСֱ֮վԵЩˡ
ֱֱؿǰһװ˧磬񺰡ģ̫ζˣ
屻͵һҾѾ˧绳ˡ屻ýģһ˿ѵضûСʹ
СҪôңҿɲȷҪЩʲôŶ
ǿĲʣĳ£СĿռҸ޴ӣ
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ҪҶӴС㣬Ӵ
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Ǻǣ񲻴̬ͬһƷһҵ͵һ
ΪʲôҪͣڣ¥أ˼ҿǺڴ٣ءϹС㡣
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תͷеĿעޱաƼˮķϣȾҰɣ
տһֱۣӰͷŤһߡ
ǰɴ磡㲻ܼȰҪ˭Ǯ

ǰǮ˰ߣ˼Ҹˣ
ڣմⳡ־硣
Ů˻Ƿ򡣡˼ҪɱҲҪǮԺ
˼ֻϹС㿪ЦǺʶˣ˧üë۾ҡ
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ҸǸŮˡָؿһۣɫĴ۾ž޲
Ҽϵֱһɣұϵϸشһ顣
СȷǿЦһûСȻսĵȷǳԴʧ
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СƭӴǲҲԴ򰡡
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պȻһֳȭһֻϣһȻԭҪȥа
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ң𣿰Բһΰү

һң
ѾΪƾһ̱ͿԳưԽ˼˰˭Բ˦㱾СͲһСڣûУ
ݺݵһһ̧ͷŵЦ컨׹Ҷӣɴ˶ӡ
ðɣҽ˲Ż˵
ǺǺǺǡСĸоǲǺˬأ̬һݺݵشϡ
ˡһҪˡջɱҵġ
𼤶ɱҾû취ûǮˡ
һпͼҡ

Ҿܾȥ
նؿû˵
һ룬룬롣

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ֻҪүҪٶͷɱˡ
СҵСʵСһռܾòƽأŵݱ˫ֱأ˲ͬ
ջȫƣ
һӹȥˡ
ӹȥˡ
̲ס̧Ǳ̫Ѩ
˵Ҫӵʲôʱ򡭡
ҷģ˵ͺˡ
ǺǺǺǣԽԽϲСˡ˸ۣҳ鴤
ɣеĻпͼңҲæˣСͬ𣿡¸߰
Ĭӡ
һΡͻȻڡʲôһΣ
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ҪҪҰѡܾܾ
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ãˡ
νġĽԼɵġ
쿪ʼʽסпͼңʼһծе̣ÿҪﱨԻʵ
ֳȻҵˡ
ȻһСԴڵ
ǣʣҪȥ¥
һƬž
̧ͷһʾϺͨͨ100ۡ
һηҵ̫Ѩ
09.1.2 ꡿

ټСè

ƵǣհѷˣȴҪٿƫƫûǮ
ͬ־Ѿ˦·- -|| 200ķȥˣʣҺվһſڴ۵ɴۡ
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װҸг𣿲żΪʲôô
ҿԱǽϣмõమڡ̫飬ֱСè⣬ֱ⣬Ϊʲôţ
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ˣ
ôһ˵Ҳ׾пͼҳסˡˣ͵ޡаɡ
Ե͵ͻȻԼϲӡ

ţҾְܾܲܽûСʲôġ
СţС
ûţұ㲻֣ܺ
Ǻ̡
ô𣿣
㡣
Ϊʲô
ǲ

Эҵȭͷ¡
ղš
н㣡һȥ˲è
㡭ղ˵ʲôΪԼʲô˼Сʡ
ϵ˼ڲԺҲᶮ֮סͿˡҪٱ˭ۣҪٱ˭ָ·ߣҪٱ˭ѹϳصİ
𣿡
Űɡ
𣿡ҧŵ⣬˵
ҳĬ
Űɡ
Ǵţ̬ô㰡
Ҳ̫첻֣С
˵ֵĻˡ
ͣ³ԵĶͻȻֱ壬գè֣µ˵㣬ҪȥҼңǵñˡ
һȥĴֳĵģһʱ᲻룵棬Բ
ղ˵ҳȥ滹㲻
㰡ֻҪ㲻Һȡ
ԲᣡҪһι
׳գһˡ
һҼҴˣ˵㻰ˡ
ðɺðһΡ뵽ܾܵȻǸ
ǸŮˡ
н㣡
ˣ

ӽ쿪ʼ뵱ҿɡ
ȻȻػţңһĺ㡣
09.1.4 ꡿

пͼҵı֮ϴ

һƽؿŹܼͩҲҴߣǿѹ˺ĳ嶯ҿǴڱ˵£Ǳڡòͷڵġ
ʹˣҲҰɣ
£˭
ʱ˻һǰ
š
ãҲͰˣֵŶƲĻҲڡվ190¥סôˡ
Ǵɨúõһңǵ˶Ū˲˹ôฺز˵еþ߶Ǽӹġϣˣһ㸺صĻ⣬ǹܼҷҪ˵ݸҲòտ϶ǸͩкȻĻΪʲô˸ɨķΧ󰡰
пͼסʲôɽɽ
һڣҶƴشɨжȹˣż⣬ֱζҶҪھȻҪ˵Ӱ࣡
пͼҼӰζʲô
ûмӰѣ
ܾܾ
㻹
һںͩһӺ̾
ͩޱӺͼд󲿷˺ƣϵıӲЦ򲻼ЦӲԼ߱ˣҲȥ̽˵Ǵ塣
ܼͩҷԸҪӵĹʲô
ֻ̧ͩһָ촽ëϴ衣
ʲʲô
ٴǿѹ˺ĳ嶯ؿڣãʤ𣿡
ֻͩĿбӣ䶪һ仰ү˵κιʤΡ
գҼסˡһ첻Ϲ־͵д
̫ñϹΪҵΧȹҼֻһμһҧҽŵĹﹷǰһˮͰˮͰٿˮıϴһְˮͰˤԱߵϡ
ܸϴ裿ô˵ȥʴ谡ҳŭš
һɵҷǾ޴ĹͷϡһظĦǹëһؽ˼ë̵Ļ̸ϴʱأǵòҪŶ࣬˾ͲǺúӡ
ֺëͻȻԼͷ˸ˣϾͷ籩ˡֻǱνһȿʼɱĶײĶĶǽײĶ˦ĲݡŬץëͻأðһ仰
ѵĶʲôöɳ
𡭡ˣͣ¡ԣͣ°̸㡭ǳԣҿˡˡ𡭡
ҸоԼڲͣؽͬʱӰչʾһע⣬еëҳ˿ëڵķ췴
ǣпͼԺһķ羰ߡ
æҵصһСĳ¡ģҸңˬһ£ͻȻһͷоˣ
ץ£ҾԼֻëƽ⣬ڣڳ֮󣬳ɹزץסëëᱻˤȥ顣һ֮ϰѳ¾ٵǰ
1ʲô

2ʲôģ
𣺴ġ
϶ӳµëųʱͳʱƽֹͣ裬ſڵϳ˯ȥоԵı仯Ժ¶ľ˵ı顣
ɼڴߣȴϤһĻĻУվڴϣشⱯ£ĸ׵ĹǻŴ󺣵Ĳʧ
Ȼ³ͬĸɢĹǻһʧؼ䡣
ѹʲôģһ̣ͻȻʲôûˡ
£Ϲ洫Ķ֡İϡɵһμϹ½ɣҴǵһ½ڡսסİϡϹΨһΪ׼طǰ´ȫԲǵֻµӶ˾ԡ
仰˵İϡߣõİߣȴĻ
ߵĳ£ë塣ҪϹǰ֪ҴࡰսסֻΪһֻ᲻Ļ
һؿǰԹԵëҽȥͷ̫ˡһɣëͬ־ڿǱȽϹˡɽҪôϴأһͰˮһͰˮĻûȥ͸ˡ
졣ɫ簡
Ϣһ°ɡһƨ忿ŻԴë͸֦Ҷϣ۾
ʺ˯
ֻǡ
͵Ů˯ʲôΪ
ǺǣСо񡣡
˵һߣƵشһôӰ֣߳ǰġһһɱĸƾһǿʲôʱҵģ
շ֡Ҷ۾һƬ͡
Сղ㴵ʲô
ΪʲôҪ㣿Ҳʶ㡣
ǣҽŵ?п͡մŮ֪㡣߾ӸµңϴİӰ
ŵ?п͡
п͡

ˢشӵ߾һ90ȵľϹ²֪ŵ˴ݣðˡ
ŵҵͷղ㴵ʲôӣ
Ҽİˡ

ʵһλ˴ҵĶΪûֻⶨͨ˻ЩЧָеĸ֣ǾǸϷ࡭
ð˵ҷɱҴ򲻹
ôһѣҲŷֲԶɨ˲֪ʱˡսסӰ죬ȫ˵ϡ
Լù˭ƫƫøˣ
˼ܶ˵𣿡
ܲ˵ô
ΪŵĺģҸİϡ£ֱǡսסϸΡ͡ع⡱½ڵҪ֧֡
ͷĨźӵͷ˵š࿴Ҽ۾͸ˡ
ĨһѺĿŵ뿪ıӰҸппͼ棬ûһȫеġ
תͷҼſڵϿë
װëǰиȥˮȥɣ
ȻϴҲǲ׵ġ
09.1.4 ꡿



ϵ飬һ޷ˡ
˶ΪʲôһǿߣȴƫƫִСԭֻܰڣ׶̫ģۡ
̫棬ΪֻϷ
ֻǺܾԺĳҲŷ֣ʱһвŸոտʼ

ȻǸһʹ
ڡŶǺǺǺǺǺǺǺǡЦһ˵Ȥ֮һʵ÷Ͻɫ
ԭ־ΰũ
Ĺʵи
ʱƺ۸оһͻ߶ȴòĳ˵ıǿԼȥȥԴĻĺԼ
ڵ״̬
ȫ̱ڵϣѾ̧κһָˡҷģԺ۵һ죡ȻλŹ쵽Ľ̬е׵ħʦȴ˿ƣжûС
Ǳ
˭ù˼˵ԼǹûϳҲǺСͷصͲұǡǴغһ̬𣿺ðɺðҴԼҳ飬ҪǾּ̬һ䡣
˵ʲôţ
˵Ǳ̬̬
˵һɳҲԼùװ
Ҵˣ㲻̬Ϊǳ
ϣСվҪٲĻҾҪɱϡ̬ͱ̬ϸתҾıøΪ
ͽΪʲô滹ҪƮţ
̧ͷܸоĹʵҲ޵İɡԼڵĴվԺԥɱҡ
˭
Ǿħʦ
һ
е˿ƷɡŬһܶϸ
?
˿Ƶٶȸˣϸϸŵ۾͸ΣյϢȴˤڵء


յضŴǿ˿ƣҿԱߵӴڵشðɣǱ̬Ǹһķӣ
ֺǿֻǿϧûִҲǿӴ
һ˵ţѾҳͷϱ˷ޱȡ
Դ
һαǽϣ죺СҵȲ뿴ܳɳֵزأ
ƫͷһ˿ƣҲǵѪץ¡
㷸棡˵ֽϲܴģɱҰҳţȻЩ㡣
ôվأСÿһսҪȥŻܵȤӴ
ߵǰӸµذҴһߣͻȻһֽʧ
͵ڳɳĹʵҪʩøոպòУ?
˸üۣŤˮ߽ԡҡغһ
һƨϣȫ̱ؿŴûкصˣ֡
þȡ
֪ܾԲʲôֵܵ飬㲻һԼͺгˣȻ˲أٴȥһžǸ漣սӹ԰ϰ壬ԵĻᶼûУ
ȻĻӦ֮ˡ
ĶʲôӰ
ԡҳʱƵڵϣ˿ڻûдΪʵһûˣֱǱ־ЦʱҲʶԼϵ·ѾˡԼϣ̧ͷ˰ٵؿ
֣طģϴһ֮ڵһ飡
ʵϣҴؿ롣
밡
ڼ䣬ʪܵվǰ״ϲˮ˳߻һˮǻЦЦĻȡһԲ񱼽ԡ֮ǰԡԼ°ΧҵĽŲЦ
Сʵ̫Ȥˣ?
͵عԡţҷ̬¶񣡣Ϊʲôϴ·
޵еûңֻԹԵڿЦš
ǧŲĥŴ˿ڣϻɫı鷢ֵȷû©һʱҲŷĵشԡ˳ų۹ⶢҡ
ҺȻ֣˼пͼҵᣬ˼ëͩգҪڻȥҸëϴٴҶԸⰡ
̾̾ںĿԡ
ָһߵĴضЦ岻ϵطΣźţһ޷˵˹ȥȻ顣ЦȻʲô
ν޷ˣΪû·
ҿʼ˼
Ҳ˵̬Ϊ̬ڿ˰
Ǻǣ²£СЩʲô飿Ц
ҵˢرʰ쵡
ҸЦıζЦֵ׳һ仰Ӵڡ
ˢɫ
һЦǺǣСȤĹʵأ?
Ȼͻñ۸űԼǿһϲǲǣáһҲԸûţȣʵĳѾ롣
Ƶڴһǣҳ鴤ؽӹЦŵĳؿԼɲȹӱڽ䡣һüһĿԴı飬һصһֱۣڴáϹķ·ŵߣսסֵͳй
Ҫҵ𣿸㿴ˡ
пͼʱżȻֵϹķõࡶİϡǰϣİϡЧΪԣҳϵҲ𽥻ҵڡ
Сֻʹ￪ʼãһ̶ȣҾͿǰһϹķӿ쳤ĵࡣֻǣޣֻС
Ҫ˵ĻëĹ͡ҪϹĳ֪Ļ᲻ҪɱңͬĪеɱҵĸһ
ǣĵ顣
İϡǰ£ǱֹģЧ̫ˣÿһµĴЧҪǰһҪĶࡣ
ڵĳ̶ȣֻǿൽڶ¡ϸΡÿÿͻƵʱڲͻͻȻʹʹҲò
Ϊڵĳ̶ȣݲôɡ
Ļ
̧ͷһ߳΢Ⲣ޴󰭡Ļʲôģࡣ
һգҷ³µ˲ͷϸı飬ӣ
߰ؿڡ
ղŵȷдߵãǲҵֻһ̶ַȵĴߣֻͨЧˣˣҵ
ȫ˯ȥȻ̶ǲġڲЩӰ
غһ£
æһͷ
ЦҪϹֻЩĻϹҲҪˣ
Ըе촽ͷһǡôúϢڴǵĽսӴ?
˵꣬㳯ſȥһ˲ϳ鴤
˵˵ʲôǡ˵ʲôĽս
Ľս
ˣţͷԺÿµģţСҪӴ

վ𣿣
09.1.5 ꡿

û

ΪҿԼƽĻծʱһͻ鴵ҵһشˮ
ܵʱҵ˲գпͼҵ϶ӻ?п͡ӴڡվſڵʱҺȻЩ̫õԤС
ͧɹȪ֮šʱӻңɲڳȥˡǷͧûͣµ˼ҵĲ塣
ӻڰҴʱ뿪ˣǰһ仰˵ϹҪʬתоɡ
Ŀӻֵһҡһڵ뿪180±ӱһͷ
СǽˣҲڲģ
һôƣ
һӲͷƤ߽ǿѹ˲ǵض΢üͷҰֿѾڵš
мվҿһȺǰˡʽûģȫˡ
Ĳʵ
û뵽ϹӻпͼҵļҳȫӴҡڡ
һҳǺǡЦĿ飬һԼ˵ò
СܽӵסǼѹ
ʵЦֻǵ˵ͷĿվмμϯϡ
֪Ϲָʾ֮ǣǵʲô飬ֵû
ϯǰѹȸ˲ӡҽ˽üͷĿԣеĳ²֪Խ߬Խ
ΪҳŲסʱϵѹȻʧϯ͡Ц
С˵һִߵϯͿɡ
͵͵ƳһŵͷҡǺǡЦ˵ҵȤпͼɱ˵ģֲҽģҪҵʲôã
ҿڣؼСϷѡ
ϯʹЦصԱԼţǸصһֱŻĿŮ˻õͷʾ⣬Ȼ˵ѾͷǿĴóϣʧ
˼ǣҪҵʵԴж
ǡ
ǾûãҪĨɱ
Щء
ַ̧ųߣкӳġİϡƾ˼µӣҵΧγһС͵
оĲתҰԸ̾ܵ󰡡
˵пͼҵѵǿҵʵĻôĶսҵʵʵķԾС̶̵Σÿ춼ٽǻĻ˭ܰǱ
ķˡ
һ¡սסʱпͼûκεķӦΧһЩ˽ضȥڶ¡ϸΡڽӽβʱ򣬵һֲסǻã忪ʼҡΣڼֲס˵ϡ
ĬĬתԽԽҵһδ˵¡ع⡱һСڻûнеľ޴سӿȥʱ类˺һʹеĳҲ޷ץס
·һͣǹɾ޴ȫľһ֮ڰѪҺֵǣ֮ǰ˵Ϊʲôηȫž
ûϸ룬ѸٵԼ״̬ͻȻ¡ع⡱ҷӵ쾡¡
³ʱĬ˱ѹ֡ĵشϷпҳÿ˶ɫأŵüͷ
ӵʱ˿̿ͬСʱΪһԼͻᱻɱͻȻһֱĬߵҵǰһƽ͵ؿҡѾͷϹǰɡ
ǵġСػش
Ȼҵʵߣص֮ǰ״̬пͼҵĻȻǱŰǸ
Ǻǣ˼һ£æô۾ضңдŲݾܾ
;ôҡ
пͼҵˣ뾡ܷԸҴ
ЦѾͷƽȵݸ̸ġһæǻӦıꡣ
ü
Ҳ²ǵĿĵʲôⳡȴҵĺġ
пͼô˲ţΪʲôѡң
ֻǿҵ
깫Ļ˵ҾͿԻյǮ
ҧҧҵͷͬ⡣
Ǽ˵ִЩ鷳ҪȥԮڳ̯ͣƣ5ǧ򡣡
塭ǧ򣿣
ʲôпͼԸѪһǱæ
ڿʼЩڴӦ󡣻İɡġ
ͬĻȥͩϡ˵
á
ûкڵĻˡ
תţͻȻֱס
Ѿͷմģˣɻصͷζؿ˿ң漴۹ƵԱߵµĻúϡϯǸؾ˸
ûд󰭣ϢӾͻѹɵ鷳ԭ¡
ϯ;ؿһᣬͷȥ
ҳţӹͩϼַ׼õķͧȥ
пͣϵһӦ˰ɡ
̤Ϸͧȴ֪Ҽ飬ıһķ

תݡ
ĿϹӰͻأ˵ڣӦû˰ɡ
ϯ͵ͳԺ𣬡в𷣡
ŵǺЦֳϯ͵ļġ㡣СĴȷǳɫҵ嶼ʧȥ֪Ȼʱ䲻
ϯվصͷûнӻڣϯͣҪСĻҲԣܻŻ˳Ӧɡ
ǡ

Ϲ֪ǰʲô
ҪѡһεĻһǻһ·
ܻˡ
··ƽ̹··ʹࡣ
һó̡
09.1.5 ꡿



ҴûԼһʢװվǰ
ˣͬʢװմؿź׳ֲʱҾȻ
ȷӦһҵͬһܵվһ𣬵ͷҶϸ֪Χǵˣ̫ˡ
ɲ羰ĶԻݵĻһķǳʺ߹ŵᡣ
ֵݸһϣҳȥ·ŵغͿ˵ͷʾ⣬һ㶼ûƽԼӱɽӡͷҷ·һı飬ϵ쳣º͡
һǣϸС侲Ҷͬʱϵֽ
ٰڳıҾͲˡ
ҵ˲ֹס鴤
ûüֻӭ˼λˣӷǸ
ӴⲻǱС𣿿ɫǲңүô׵ˡСĻҾͷˡΪ׵һʹļ״ץסҵ֣
ԭǳģ
Сĵȥȣͬʱ̧ͷսһƵؿǰˣ磬ܲȷſҵ֣
ڿҪôشʱһֻס˵󣬼˲飬ͻȻɿҵ֡мؿһգûκα顣
ʱǰ˲ŰעתƵϣЩη塣
С㣬λǣ
Ҷһ,һ˫յĸ첲Ҷ¶˸Цݡ
λҵδʱ䶼չˣȻ治֪ôأ
̧ͷյߺҫʯ۾ҡ
һ룬һ
ЦЦˣ
վȻҡЦ
ȫSHOCK
Ͳ֪׵Ķʱȥд˿ֻհЦݡ
Ҿôؿ˵
ȿȡ
һѹ뵽ղԼӣˢƳһգĳһ˿

ǹģ
׼ͻȻע⵽ǰɫƺЩá
СȷҸôҾͲţʹ˸ˡ
뿪ıӰݣʧܸաͻȻһ󵨵ͷҳסǸİˡ
һ¡
ǰͣ½Ų
лл㻹űƣмæ𣿡
İһɻ
ģҺҵδʶˣʶ𣿡
оյĿͷ£ҺȻЩ
ΪʲôϣΪɱûôˣֲԸ׹ȻдŵʲôĿڶౣ⣬ͨıڣǶ˵ǸҪ顭ȻˣͨʡķӽĿǸã
ǣֻ˵ڶౣڣûȷе֣Ҳųмֵ
ܹĻǺãпͶ鲻
ҵ񣬾ǷŵĿ谭ΪʲôҵҪпͼãߵĻʹԷټ֣жޣʹȫߣ˵ʱҲ㹻ˡ
ڣҵһڵ˳ɹӦˡ
ҶҫԼΰû˶ĸԸæĿ϶䣬˹ҡ
¶ۼĴһ鷿ˣҺȻͷƤ顪Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ƺҲܵҵƣһҵļ򣬶˵ͷʾڵķȥ
ϵЩأ֪ҲҪȡҿɲΪΣգ
ǣԡ
ʵϣҼҶһʱǶеıɤҶ𣺱ˡûվ㡣
磬湢ֱ
źۼһգں߻ûüʲôʱִ¶׼һѪαҵյֱڴѪ˲䱻Ƥֻɫӡǡ
վȵؿңһµʾϿߡ
ؿһۣתĿڵİ칫ҡ
̾׬ˡ
һعһͷĺ߿ǰ20ҵıڡ˼С鲻áˣǾͲҪϧɣ
طתת˲䳤±˴ߡ¶ǵ˺ۣİϡڶ¡ϸΡԤ׵ڷ
ڴ󾪣Ϊʱˣȫ˲ʧȥж
ҴûԼΪпͼ˵ĵز͸յĵһȻԼѪΨһܲܡİϡӰķ
ԭΪҿһΪ˭¡İϡĿ壬⼸ҵ˱˵С
Һãպҵɣʱûҵ
ȥЩΪĸ׶µּĶԼҳʱʧȥЧ
ʱգ˭ܶ˵ҪΪϹ

ϸΡʱ򣬴ıѾˡ
Ϊʱ۵˿ͻȻջǰʹձĳ·Եؾ
գˣ
칫ҵűײǿȻ˳һɽơվĳºһɾ޴ײ岻ϺˣϱɫĽӡ
һ˲䣬һɫӰɽ㵲ǰ
ĿɿڴؿűվǰѪգһ˲ֹͣ
ӡУմδܹصˡ
һɼǵ˺۲ϵðѪϵϸĵˣ԰׵ܵزϸСĺ飬
ʲôţ޷ڣĺ˭Ϣһܡ
׳գ˵ûվ𣿡ΪʲôҪȥһļҪ𣿣
ֲ˭
ΪʲôҪȣ
ҺȻʹԼС
ǵĶ棬վߣܡϸΡӰ»ܷž޴սĵˣȻգܵҲ١
ô죿
һӶңϸ۾ЦӰǵĶɣֵǴԽ
޴ѹ
ôɱˡɵҵ̡
̣
Цƾʲô
ǰǿĵˣ󴦵˰̲ϵؽʹҷû˿־塣
תų£ǲƵҿڣ䡣
ðɱˡ
ЦĸˡСѾͷʲô֣
¡žֹͣϡʱֵʱҪȱԼ֣òɡ
۾ɱĺɫȻ֡һݣǺǣҿζˣҽе?
ЦնȴͻȻһƣȫǰ
򲻹?ʮ֮һһҲǡҪӲƴ취ӡ
ü
ȻһϣҿŵЦ̧֡
գͨѶ

ʲô˵
ԭأضе·Ȼ̲סЦ
ãǻӵõ𣿡
վղĵط̧֣סµ֣ʮָۡ
յ̹ͬǵĺʧѪĽڲϵɥʧ
̧ͷղ԰׵ĲﲻƷѹ
Ļҵ¶ȷһ롣Ƕ˵
Ļҵ¶ȷһ롣Ը⣬Ҿ֡
սʱҲĵذѺҡʹ޷ȫҲԲ
գɱȥ
09.1.6 ꡿

ͬ

룬ҺյĽ١

ǵںЩӣն˵Ļǡģҡ
Ҿľãʹ˶Ҫˣһա
Ϊ˵ûϵģ£ԡ
˵ģҡ
ÿζ档

յɿǸԱս
˵Ҫǿ
ͷ
˳£תİϵ¡ع⡱Դ
˵Ķ˲ͻȻǰʮĶֱϾʲôСɫʹ彩ӲȴҲӲƾսյй
οڴУİϵӰҲۿۡ
忪ʼйңϾԺͻʡȥܶ鷳ٶȡ
ųµͬʱƴضԵ˵ϾԹˣרĶһӡ
սţȴϵʹѹ
չǵͬʱҪչңԼתԽԽ죬µĴҲԶԶƽٶȣԾ˺ѷεʹһϯҵȫ
ʹʲôģͲںˡ
޷һ½ζ᲻ͬ˺һ㣬ųµѲѡȻʹĸоȴԽԽľ
֪ʱΧһǿҵȦԾذҵЩġǿĹȴԴ˺޲
һѪ³ع⡱һûн
ѳϣһĨǣٶȱ㳯˹ȥ
һͻȻ
šΪʲôƴأ
޴ĳײ˲ʹ񣬺͵ײȴվԭء
ؿյصײǽϣػ䣬ȻоһѣΡ
۾ȴԼ۾ͬϣɬ޷ƶֺϵӿӿûңһк޷˵
ʹ¶գҿɫ԰׵ңس˳ǡ
գʲô
ΪʲôҪң
׳ավ
Ҫʲôʱ
ǺǺǺǡȿȡѾͷпͼҵү忸ĵϵı鲻һǵԮأôʱ䲻ΪͨѶԵ𣿡
졣
ΪҪˣԱ˰ɡ
졣
ô𣿡
찡
³˹ȥ͵ĵײһ
壬νʮ֣˱ɵ㼯й˵ļ򡭡㾹Ȼ
սĿľȡʤΪ˼ʹֶѾͷ̫˰ɣ񿪳£һӣֳ˹
һپޱȡ
ǰΪսֶΣôһ㡭
Ҳô
һҴѾϰĵʹȶ̧֣зת
һͣա
Ҳ˵Σȥֵңˡ
ն˶٣û
Ǹ
šΪʲôҪôƴ
ű֮ǰһٶȳ˹ȥڼסĵǣĳԾ
ţΪʲôأ
һɨĲȫءڵѾе˼Զػݵλãתγɵ𽥱
ܵԽԽϤʱص״̬ڱҵĽľͷγɵķޱȵУƿʱͬµĻ
ҵˡ
һٻҶ㿪˵ɱһһ룬ֶеĶ̽
ţô죿
ʱش̶
Ľǣһƣȴᴩ˼
µ˲䣬һʵסңաûнûв¼ɣȴʵذѺ󱳽˶Է
һ룬ǺԥسԶ֡ԵԲ
˵ģսʱĵذѺҡʹ޷ȫҲԲ
ĵܿ죬쵽ֻܸٶȶǳԽҷģ֪ľ
ٴκ͵ĵײһ𣬵徹ǶЦһ֣쾡սʱСҺȻԼ
Ѿͷû뵽սôʹ죡ͷѪģ۾ſضҺţ
û˵ǹаȴֻʣ˵ɱ
壬ǵˣһԸΪ֮ҵĹ㡣
Ĩһ۽ΧѪøΪ𵶣оźơһǾһӮǣҵúֽһµˣѾͷնغθڰ
ȴб
Ƕս˼д裬дȻҺ͵ǿսɡͬǣȷΪҽֶ֣ңȴÿÿҪɵʱȻ뵽Ϊҵµһ
Ҫսɣɱģֻҡ
ѾͷˣһնҸĺۼüΪɾͲɱң෴ĿıøǾס˺ڲ׽պս
ͬûһ㣬磬Ҳ˿ǿĸ΢΢ռϷ硣ͬϵܵ˾Բ٣ɶȴҲȻʣ
졭Ǹòǡ
ˣֱǷˣ
һγȥȴⳡսȥˣշˡȻͨԼй帺ɣ
пյıˣ絣һԼɣĵԸ߿տ£ĵεҵۣҿȴһӷ˳ȥصײǽϡԶʱڵͻȻسײǰκһĶҡ
岻ܿƵزҾ£ѵվоһɺ嫵һ㳯ӿ屾ȴ͸Ѩλϳɢ硣
ʹ࡭
ţΪʲôҪôƴ
۾üǵ߾ٵĵ
ʶذѳµǰһۻ͸س˳Ҷʱʧȥʶ
⣬˭֪
˲Ŵͫӳ۾ϣұ۾صȥ
šأ

һΡ߳أС
ʱͣפĽŲܶʼظͬľɫ
߳ȥȴֵǾ֡
Ҳϵسȥֻ˺ۣͣȴͣˡ
һϵѯңţΪʲôôƴȥ
Ҳ֪
Ҳ֪
ֱһֻѪ֣ץסҵ塣
۾Ϲ
˭
۾һˡ
ΪʲôҪҺã˭
ġһжˣġ
˵Ҫ¶ȸҵģ۾ңҺ䡣

ҿղ԰׾µ
ûһ˿ѪɫĴ
ʿ
ǡһ˯ͷˡ
̲죬գҵļ򣬺ʹ
ޱؿһۣ忿ǽڣ֪ʲô
ҿյţһƬʪˣ
һĨƬĺɫ
̧ͷͷϵѪ˳ķ˿һΣһΣҵϡ
ǣȷǿ˲ô
Ծظӣҵıһ
ôƴʲô
ûд𻰣ͷҵ۾Ǽ΢
Ҽģķ羰
𣿡۾컨壬ҿڡ
ɱˡյ۾ͬҲ컨塣
ɱˣʲôʱ飿
ǼһӰ죬ȫ˷һֽˡ
Щڣ𣿡
ĸȫȴߣֲûˡ
ջƣʣţգʲôʱҵǣ
֪šɽӱɽ
ͲѪ𣿡
˿ԶֹѪˣӦõĵҡ
ΪʲôֹѪ
û
= = ||
ذֹѪܳŵпͼҵҵǡǴªİַһѾõĳɹˡ
գ壬˰ɣ

û뵽ȥࡣҶ˶٣Ҳ
Ѿˡ
Һ
һ˳Ĭ
ǣҲĬ

֪˶ãӳģһżǰԼͬĵӻԭ˯ˡ
ҵ壬ﲻͣ˵šԲˡԱߵӻİա
ԱȻ˯գ̲סЦ
Ҷӻ˵ԼͨѶ㡣̫ǿǵù㡣
ӻû˵һȭǽϡ
ͷϯͺŵǿǣ˵ɡ
ŵͷǰһյתͷ͵ض˵ѾͷĺáǮһתϡʲôҪүҾ㡣
ҳĬһ£˵
ϯҲ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ҿ˿˯º͵һ
ΪŮ˵
Ҫһ㡣
ػ㡣
09.1.6 ꡿

׽顱ڴ

ʵɳϣһСĵرܹǵ,ƴɿһ߷Ľ䷿ӡ
Ȼð
ӣ¥ͣ¥ķǼֱһһɳҲ߼ġ
ǣֲ֮£ֱáͷ߳ԡҡ
˻
ǲСһ˿̾ʹѵͲ֪Ů˴ܴܲ𣿣Ը㣡һɿݺݵȥĳƫͷ׵ض
ǺǡСǺоôٴһˡ
ذڴϣƺɫͷشڶǰʱµˮ˳ʣͶԸޱȡ
Ͳܲͷɡ
𡭡ˣǲŸմҾδ˵ġ㻹һƵؿﲻϣ٣Լĳ
ǣҲժӴЦŴӴ۾һضң·Ҫƴһ
ȻѾصĶ
֡ͻȻڣȴ֮ҺڴϣȫʢʱڵС
ƲƲ죬ûд𻰣һɿ˵ƼĻ治ôǰûзأ
Ҳû˵ȥֻǶͷĺƣޱȵһ
ʱˣͻһЩ档˵ûȫսǰϰߴսȻ٣ȫ˷󣬾ͻƴ˿ƺǸֱ̬ġİÿζҺͳƵ
˳һᣬ˷ǰı־Զ촽
һ⣬ҽ֡Ȼʵϣÿзִ磬ɱңɥʧս
̾սĲడ
ǲϲս෴ԽԽϲˡǰڴһΣΪһڡĲյĳеԽԽ࣬սҲ𽥰һߵ档
ЩԻҺѰɡ
Ҷڲܵʱˡ
Ȼųһԭǡ¥ķ䣬̫ˣ
ĬУͻȻڡ
С׼ʲôʱȥ
һԴҩˣı鿴üĵظһղŵĻ
㱻ոôôҲҷۡ
ȥҲӴǾ˯һɡ
Ҿܾ
Ǿͻȥ
ܾ
˼ҲٰԼĴøȥ˯

ҸСӴ

߿Цص̧ͷ˫ֲһֻ
СҲкµʱѽһΪʲôأ
һ΢Ц
˭˵Ҳ¡¿壬Ҳ㣬աûϢ
ҶЦģˣģ˳졭ɺȻͻȥ졭
Խ˵ԽСԼ˵ȥˡؿɳϣɿҲʱʧȥӦе
졣֪Ҳȥġ
һƬ
˰죬ɻ̧ͷȴͬѧ͵ߺȾƿ羰ȥˡһᣬֱӷ˺ͨ
пͼĴС㣬Ҫٲȥ˾ҪƴϡȻмܴǺ⣬ǣһء
εеĸ߽űЦЦŤͷңͻȻǳѱ
ûд𻰣˵ţսҲҪи޶ȣͷҲںϺֵǮģΪá
Ĭ
ѵҶһᶼ𣿻ҳôԣҰڳ޹ı飬ʼװɵ㡣
ߣСǲôҰ
ûбô
ȤغһȲǰ˫ְɳ֮䡣һ˧˲ǰŴ󣬿Ƶֱ
㡭ҪʲôŬ˿ĭ
ʲôǺǣС˵Ǿˡ
սҵĶ䣬ȵ棬ҵһʱ侹޷ߣȻ̼ˡ
һ˵ֹס㡣
ȻɢΣյϢұܵӣȴֱ˻ȥ
ǣǺǡˣҾãһǻȥɡ
̫Σˡһġߣص㲻òá
ϡһ˲䡣
ͻȻڿգһѱҳķȥһˡ
۾ֱֱضϷ˿˿ֱð
ˣº
ûʲôġ
Ҿãһǻء
ͻȻסԸе˲ǰŴҵĴԾֹͣת
ǿưԵӵذ㣬ݲ˿ұܵƿ˫ֱؽʼѣɤ﷢ʵ̣ȴǿƵϢ
ұŴϣһְֻҵ˫ֽͷһֻֿʼ˳Ųһһ»ǣعɰĦ岻Ծط˿˿顣һ£ƿȴһ˿鲻ĸйٿʼ޷ŴǿҰԵϢջأ𽥽ҵȫϸ
̫ˣǷ¶ȸոպã֮ҷӦʱԼĸ첲Ѿļ磬ϵ·ҲֻʵֻǰͬһǿƵĵеԶɥʧѵˡ
Ҫ
иңƿƿȻȴһһɢҼ֣ͬߣȼÿһƤ¶ȡȡ


ղһҽеģԭҲظYDĺӡ
ĺЩ٣ҵһӡʹͬʱһ˿ġУҳʹر壬ָļ磬΢΢ü
ͣ¡ͣ¡ͣ¿ͣ¡
Ĵ»·ҧҵǰأͬʱһֻ˳һ·»ڴڲͣס

ˡ
ٲͣҾ˰
飡
ƿڶͻȻҵ巭һȦͣ
ҺȻԼһȨſڴڵ󺰵þˡ
ģͽˡ
žž
ŶƿնŨŨɱһŷһֱֱض벱һ׵ĵطҶʱһ亹
ſڿȥ
գ
Сſڽ࣬ʲôʱģ
Χϵɢɱһ䣬ʶϼ
̤̤̤
ߣɷ˵ҵĸ첲⳶
ȡҵ·
ͣ½ŲعͷؿһŵͻȻǱҪ·ȫûһŵӣеڴЦţҺ˸üۣ·һ޹ء
ѾҲұˡ
첲һұǿϵ˵
ͻȻ𡭡ҵ·
һ϶¸ͷϣյıϢ˲Χҵй١
үģ۸ҸӰǲǣôȥ
ҳװԼ˸ʵʵб۾͵Եա
˰ɱ쮵ĵС㶼亹ˡ
߳ݣǰȻһѣôˣ
㲻ҪҺܰһ·
졣

߹һһֱŵ״̬ʲôûôߵİöݺݵЩͶϵ۹һ˻ȥʲôÿģûܱܵ
ô֣Լɷ׽ڴĸо
ô˵ܲȷö

磬˵仰ɡֱӰӷͧϰʹ

ðɣӮˡ˵仰ɡͷŵҶˡ

ң
磬˵仰ɡ
ڡ
Զ㡣
ңһƬӡ
Ժÿ춼ҪؼҡҪҡ
ңĸΪӡ
˵
ңˣ
һ㡭
ң
Ǽ£ܡ
ң
бͷһۣû˵
ǲܡ
սô죬㻹û취
աܵܡ
09.1.8 ꡿

ܵ

о仰Уɻ
ԭҲôѡǶ˵киǼҸΪʲôûһҸɫʣǣÿҾһźڵеоǷӵǮһ
㿴˼ſڱտھǡ㡱СӻҲżһ㡱ȻһԸ
ôվͱζ
ôҲͬʹ빲ˡ
ԭΪǴ·֮սҲͽˣСѾһǰĪһ䡰Ժÿ춼Ҫؼҡ⣬䶼ûнÿɢµпȫܶԶ֮
˭ˣȻôأ
ѵΪʧûܵǮ𣿣ʧ¶С˵ǲܵģ
Ϸ˸ƣҾȥգר־ؿѵ̡
ûʱÿȤѵԺСèѵ˵пͼҵĺ츳Ǻðַ꣬ѾôɴˡҪϹ϶ǰͷǵϱ
ֻǿϧ˶ͬôַԼ
汻մĺܲҵΡô˵ҲǸ磬ȻѵܴܵģûˡҪҪ
ҪϯͰְ룬ѵ
˰ɣ½ԺҰĸҡ
һѵӣҷȥ˵˾䡰ʱ䵽ˡת뿪ûȥʲô顣
ʲô飿겻䡭
ܶʱҾ룬ǲΪղϲ㡣
ǳ񣬳ԷѵǰһȻ֮ǰʱҲûʲô飬ȴ·ˡ˵ڴϵʱһޱȱӵ
㣬Цˣôܡ
ʲô˼ĲǶǾֱPASS
ȥӻСѾûضһ䡰֪
УǺ蹲ͬоһʵķЧôԣ㻹СȻÿγʱ䲻ʱһͻֱ֮ǰӣô˵Ҳһѡ˧硱񫰡
ҹˮ
߳ӻҵʱ򣬿һվϣ۾עīһա
ûǣڿʲôؿڡ
ջعͷһָֻۣ֮˿ơ
ߵһ࣬Ҳʼ̧ͷ졣ãڿ˿,һĶ
ʼ硣ǽ֡
ŤͷһۣǾȡҼ˵˵ҪϤһ£ʶ
նؿҼӣʲôû˵ͶԶڰͥԺС
ӻ˵Ҫȥǽֵʱȵİ˵ġôֵʲô࡭
Ҳ˵ǵطֵһȥҾͽˡǽֵʲôطôѾ°ٱˡԹԵ˵ţûע⵽һĸӵĹ⡣
ȥãմҵĻ
ż죬Ҳܼ¡ڻشʲô𣿡
ҡͷһСġ
ҳĬ
˵仰ֻعڳĬͬһ̶׵ĺˮһеĲӿȫѹƽı֮¡
գ𣿡
ڣʳˡ
ջͷҵ۾ȴûκε

ᰡ˵ôԸҶིСƽͺٽвС
ѾˡƽҲ֪ʲôԭ棬ڱϾ㣬ҵܵܡޱؿԱߵա
ҲǵܵܣͻȻ̧˫ֿסҵļ۾ﾹŭ
򴦴һʹһʱ䲻֪һ˵ʲô
Ҳǵܵܣյع鵽ԭ״̬ǰǣԺҲǡ
ĪĻղŹڷľٶⷢһжΪʲô
ΪʲôңΪʲôԸܵܣΪʲôôЩҵԴȴһ޷
תҾ뿪ûȻ޷ôõشţҲνĻʲôϵ
ΪǾͬʱǵĿĺܽԭһֻǡΪˣҡΪҽһ
յԶԶشͣ˽Ų
ǽ֣Сġ
ûôҵػشûġ

ң
ڣ
ǰѵСɽһߵĶֹס鴤ѵҪҰҶᵽǽȥ
ǰվһŵˣеģôô̶ڵأһжɺ𣿻֮ǰõģ
Ϊʲôһû񣡣ĵ̶ǲЩְ
һŵĺɫ˿ͷϻи֩һĺɫɴԱߵպһɫѵϻصشĺɫӻСڼҩЧ׶ΣһɫװΣ˵ͦ˧һ򲻴ɫϯͰְֺŵүҲһɫѵΪд衣
ʣһɫ۵վм䣬ͬһֻ𼦡
ë
ĸסܲٴ㶫̲סڣȴ˻ø߷ֱĽк
Сǲϲ׼·ģģ
ãҴˡ

㣬˵ǽûɿΪòŰҵĴˡ׼˸ң
ӮˣҴ
ӻ㿴ǲǡ
۵һС͵ĶλͨѶŮ鷳ʣ㲻鷳鷳ҲԶ㡣ǽ˶࣬ըҲûϵҰ׼˼Яʽըҩ㿴ãٸǮҲԡ
һֲӻ֯
һƵתϯͺŵǺǣҲϯֱӸҳ˱Ÿ
ŵһ°ͺӣЦеض˵ʵѾͷôҲԡ
һ޲ñԱҵġ֪֮顣ŵһ䣬ȴҵ˴ء
ΪѾͷʲôܴϾǳȥ̫˷ﲻЧˡɣѾͷпҲңҪȫԼŵ˵꣬һֻ־쵽ǰ
ң
үү㲻ҿ𣿣
ǺǣܡͲеĻ㲻пͼҵˡ
ͷʿɶֹ
ѾͷҾǼô


һսԺڰȻϵ
ϷͧͷͬˣˡΣεģȥˣǽ֣ǻ֯ǿֲӣҸĵˣ
ȻһƫͷһŷĶӡ
Ѿսɳ֮ǰ˽𣿣ҷŭתͷվһٿ񺰡
ͷϡѹ¼źߡ˰죬ڿ˵˾䡰ͨѶ
á
ʲôСͨѶѾĻҽ߰
09.1.8 ꡿

ǽ

ҽ֪ԭѲС
Ǳشһ޴ɽ,ͷɢζϴĿĵسǰߣһķꡣΪʲôǽһҪߣҾȻġ
εҵһŮˡҽпͼԺһνӵĳɱҺǣϯͲûиĿģֻ˵ҵȻһʱ֪ͨС
Ǽȼֺ
ֻǡ
ǽʲôطڵͼ϶Ҳȴܺһռȴûκ޷ĵط˵һʡ
ǲܾκζԣҲ϶κһ
ǣǽ˹ͬǱǽִʤͲҪͼȥǵϡǰ˵һ仰
ԡһ뵽Ҫ⣸һزʶŮҾɱ
һµʱ䣬Ӧáɡ
˵ڣ鷳ԺҿʼػԼǲӻ˵ġ鷳ʡΪʲô˾ܺúõ·߶ҾƫҪϮҾһЩɲĿʵֻһȺˡ
˵ǽַֺܶԽͳߵȨԽ󣬸ҲԽ࣬ӦģԽԽá
ԣ˵ķǣȥЩÿϴ
ʲôŮˣֵûúϯִţ
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ʲôĵûͷţҵĸӲ
Ҳ֪ҵֻҵʵض˵
СҺϣҸһҸŶ
һ˿һ䡾Һ⡿ʲô˼
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ǺǣҾֻףŶСǧ򡫱ϣ»ع̬ͨѶﴫҵá
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09.1.8 ꡿



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ҽӹοֻҪȥֻ֪ȷλãʣµĽͺá
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09.1.8 ꡿



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ǣǣǣߣ
׳
09.1.8 ꡿

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ƣ֪ǸָǴͳȨ𣿡



ͳȨ
ƭ˵İɡ
09.1.8 ꡿

ܼս֮

˼εĴʧˣӦòᰡҩûⰡͲ𣿡ƵĻдĲš
ȷʱҩʱû⡣Ӧòҩ⣬Ƿ̹ܵ˵Եʡǲǰҩһ¡ƽȵ˵šΪǽڵ赲޷Ƶı顣
źòֹͣΪӴʹ࣬ƲСӿ˵͵˵̸ʲô£˭ҵķ̫ǰɡ
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ţֻͻȻڣҲԥУֻǡ
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ڻǸװûгŮУӣҲŮعɰ֤ءô˵أŴûаô
˭˵зִ磿˭˵зִ磡ҷѾ𣿡
壬Ӯˡ
09.1.8 ꡿

̹

˵ѾΰĴ棬ǽС˿40ˡʱһһػԼҪ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̹޷ߡ
΢Щصһȥҵע㿴
ƺƣһʵײԺؿˣŲȷ壬οҪʧˡ
ҿ˹һ¼غιô°ҪǷ˷̹ô죿
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ƺܵҿ˹Ĵ̼³ĻҲЩĸо˵ô죿ҵҩûãǶҩߣѾҩЧǿˣЧأЧ3ӶûУμ֮
һֱûнΪдţ޷˿ϵı飬Ҳ¾Ժòʲôطȥ
̹ΪϴεܵˣȴǻԺŷֵģֻͣһ̹еĶǱڳ˼Ӻ
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ѽ֣ʱǽǮ㲻֪㻹벻ҾԱˡǵģǰ㲻Ҳ·ǰʱôûô󡭡

ôͻȻо⻰ôŤء
һܣ˵۾ͣڿҵϴתǲΪ忴ԲŸô
ƵֻصǷ״̬ѽʲôû𣿡̰ͷҡ˹ģأҲҡҡͷ
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ȻϵʧҲؿſ壬ĳתߵſڡƣ̹ͽˣһٹˡ
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ڣǲǿѷ̹·ˣ
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һݺݵҵͷϣһɸֵı顣ôҲʾһ𣿸ղҪҵģڲʾһ쵼
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壺ģ㽻ҵʲôʱûаù˵˵Ҳõġ
۵ĻʿΪıˣ
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ƣԺҪСŶ
˧ر̧̧֣žʧʵǰֻɿ˰æ
ιһǸ˺òãôҵ˽Ծҽ𣿡ŭƣ֮ӣæʵȥˡ
ιҲȥǵĻأ

ƣʿɶֹԲбŮҲȥǻذ

Ҹ˵ûҲ壡

ƣ
졣æ
ң
09.1.8 ꡿



ϹһĹεŮѣܾѣ磬һ涼ûмһɿûгꡭˣԳĻˡ
ƽ£ؿس
ŮˣԱ˰ɣˡ̹ɫ԰׵ں棬δƽݣһ
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ҵı̴ӳƽޱ״̬б۵һ۷̹ԼͣڣԣΪ˲ñ緢һȥǼųﵯҰɣ⡮Ӱšҿɵ𡣡
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һܣⷿӻ治һĿȵϸղŴĻ԰Ķ٣ֻмųɳһųδӺһѰʣˡͷǸ޴ĵƣʽȴʧǰǸת¥ݣ˶¥¥ůɫϵΪ֪ǶЩΪΪģͨҲһֺ͵Ĵ
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ѾûԼǿ޸ĵģ⼸㶼ˣҰϹױˡ
ûʹңҲ˵ĳеؿڣ·ǰĳŮߵԭ򲻹¡
ããáҲƽϣҲƽϡϹƽһȴǱˡ
һץסϹˣү޷ԭ㰡
Ǳ޸ˣȻô鷳ƫͷһ仰
һ¶ʤı顣Ϲң㻹û취Ӯ
һ¡ؿڣʲô㡣޸ԼֻҪһ£ʣµĽҾͺá
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ǺǣڣԳɡ°ӵݵϹǰ
Ϊʲô㲻԰֩뾫Ϲˡ
ɿԼĸС㡫塣

쵰
09.1.8 ꡿

Ż

Ҿ֪̯Ͽûʲô¡һӦʲôҿ˵ֱлĻ˲ˡ
һ䣬㡣
ǣҵڣ̾ʱ˼յѾ쭵ߵ㡣
յܵܰĽڸ˼ҵţ׹龰Ȼпͼ񹤵ʱ򶼸оǰ;̬ʲôʱҡ
ת룬ڳǰļʼֱСԺԲǣЩеûģúõһԼԺİΣ
̾
ΪʲôҾԼǿʱû˸Ҷ֣ûŵʱȴǱйȥܣУӣȻûжʱԼǿô˵Ҳģǲ
˵˵ȥΪ塣
ϴҪѪȻһֵεƵġѪ֮ԼȥȻ߶߶˰죬ǰǸ˱ԼһССĸĶ
νĶȡҲ׼ֵһڼܰӦһ°ȵȣȫԭⲻ
ơ͸һֵѪ
СѾһѳ۾Ĳ׶ֵؿҰ죬һ仰ûʲô仯
ѵ۾ʱ䲻ϵ𣿱СǰҲͻ˺ҲȻȲǺܴ󵫾б仯
ĳ˵νĽɱĺš
ϣƵڡ
˵Ϊ̹˵ԭ򣬿Ͳڼ飬ҲĺšΪԼ״Ϊи棨Ϊ߿ԱȽϴ󣩣δ¶ĺžȻǽֵĸ߲㹴ϣͼĨɱŵĴڡ
˵ǹ˵ǱǱɹġ
סĺţ޼ô궼ûб巢֣Ѿ˸һ档
һΣ˵һȥ
Ȼҿֲܸһ㡣
ʵ²ûз˶ֻ˼ϷѣѾ֤ʵڼݣұܹĲһĺãû˲ңĻҪǡ
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ѽָ£ɹǽָ߲֮Ķֵ֧ģԵġ˻ִҪҪƲÿǽֹصʱٳϷ̨˵Ŷҵİжộ˵ŶӹصǸ⣬߲Щͷͬһееǲ˺ҡ
ǽ֣ɣǸŵİɡ˿ÿ塣
ͨʤǰʱ򣬲˭쳣Щغ˵شʤŵЦܳҵûᣬԼóǳסġ
ʵҾ˵ѾȻǸĵ֩뾫
յǣһ䡰Ա֮䲻׼ڶΪɣ˳ȥ
壺Ȼ˶ҩĽҩ׼ҵĺͱ˵ĲһοųԱڶء
ңҾǹ
壺ڵ״޷ְ
ңǿҪô
Цࡣ
ǹ
ʵϺܶҲ֪ʱ˵޷ʱ޷֡
Ϊҡ
ΪǸԼ

ʿ壬ǲºҪҴӦҲΣϵôߡЦҡҡͷһ䣬Ҫ֮ǰˣǾͲȥˣҲͲΣˡ
ֱ
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ǰңĺٶȺܿ죬κ׼ʱ䡣仰˵ұİϡΪû˻ϴһΪȡʱˡ
ҲٿšİϡͶȡͽˡ
֪ͨȫԱϻһСʱܶԱҼ˵ɾƺСҪǻزǻԶסġ˼ѽԳȻ˵ѾͷҪһ㱨𡣡
ˣʲôá˵ˣˣĺţ޷
ǿ壬һֱԱߵɳϣЦ˵õźԡ
ƲƲ죬ȴĪ
ǵõʱڡվûӲƾŽսˣ¥ʱöǿĶֻ֣Ҫ˵û⣬Ҿ;û⡣ԭҰһͨͨΪԹ塪ҵĽսʵ
أѾʱûмˣ϶Ҳҵƾʲô˵ûأ
ʱһһĹȥҿʼһѪƴǰʮʱˡʱհ
նԲ𣬽һûкúþûܵܵܵҸҪ˹ˡ
ǺǣλɰСѵǴ˵ϹСǣŲһԵű𣬺ܸǹ塣˲˼ش˵ˡ
ͦĸͷ޳˫ȣĵɫ۾аޱȣָǰ棬һ£Ժ󳤳ĺڷǣĺţ
˻ߵǰһʱһ׼Ĺ
μС㣬ָ̣ҽгĺš
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ûеԣ෴ûиκ䳡Ļᡣ̸¡Լʱ¶ķȡ
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Ӧһɽݶɡκη涼ڿ壬ڿ֮£˵һʼţͲȫŵġ
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̹Ϳ嶼˵ٶȺܿ죬ļʶ˲ŷ֣ԶҪˡ
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ڵķ֮ٶһӾӦٶȵͬʱΪԼıաȫƴٶҾҲҪˡ
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ĳҴսѾķ֮ٶˣʣķ֮һŹˣ
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֪ԼеȫٶȺ͹ϣڷΪ㡣ǣҿĹ޷뵽һûκαԼԱ߹սˣǴҲ²ɡ
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һս䣬һ߽һԾ߸ա
һ룬ֱֱײ
䣡

ѪڵϵĳҺȻЩѹǰֱҵ۾ָ档
ڳŲסֱֱȥ
֪סңûɵš
ղţлˡ
ҵġͷҡ
ǰ̫ˣٶȲС˫ֱЦ˵
ѾͷӮ˵ķϣҾͲųҵĵȥʯˡųϿŵЦ
Уų˵Ҫ˵𣿲ѾͷǸܴˣֱײθڰѽǳɤųҺš
ٶȲУݣһǲġ̹
Ȼ֮ǰķߣѾͷܲ֡
Ѿͷ˿ڱѪʱ׳۰ҿ˹
ԭҪȫֱӴڲɿˡ
СϲСΡ
١
ѷ
ллǵġ
Ϣɣҡļ˰Сȫ
һᣬԼᱧ
Ǵһ˯ɡῪڡ
ǴΡһǵȥھºһڿ˯ʱĳ
ǡ
09.1.9 ꡿

ŷ粨

ʱҵĴھΪѹե˹ʡ
ھǹˡ
һڴϣ۾صžӸµĿ壬ķ룬ֻҪһܼ壬ǶԶҲͣˡ
ô˵ġӦõġʲôǵõʱæʱȻӦģڿʼˣ˫ֱһЦݵؿҡ
Ķ۾ҡȻӦģҸ֪ҪѶϵôߣҷľذԼŪȫһֲƵĲΪ˰ɱѵûһ㲹𣿣ŬؿԼ죬ȫ۾ΨһܶĶ
ɱΪҪҸԼûҪ飬˵ˡ忿ڴͷǽϣͷҼЦ
УıԼֲأ˰ڽȡԼȨ
֪ҵû󣿡ڴ
һʱ
ĸԼ󣿿Ҳûʲô쳣״ƭ˵İɣ
֮һ仰ҲҪŵĺţԲҪ
΢΢üû˵һ˻һɡı顣
˵˵ȥȫ㣬Ϊʲô֪Ҳ˽ŵĹȴҪȥɱĺţھȻùѹҡԹ
ĳƵ˵˾䣬ˡ
һηˡ
ҲҪ֩뾫
ԱǺ㡣ǳ鴤
ҾһҪһȻң
ţķʽ塣
Ҿܾ
С
ܾ

Ϊ£ںս
νսǳ֮һпֶΡ
Է̹ҿ˹ŭĿӣɿӶǿϵܾסܲܣѾɰ״̬壬ǿļܰɡ
߰߼⣬ô߰
ߵǣǸŮʱֱӸһ䣺ͨѶγ׷ˡ
Ūģ
ϯͰְֻյܵܿ߰
ڿ壬Ҿ
ԴҺûϢһĻ˯ȥԺҾѾȫŹĵص㡣ʱҾȻڿķɵĴǵıӡ
ҵ·һα׳Ů˻ˡβϴģǲġ
Ѿ޷˽ܵĵزˣΪʲôҪͼȥޣʲôᣬΪʲôҪе·ȥʵ飿ѵǶ·
ҪҿҪҲ·Ǵ档
ΪʲôѽϾ˹Ǻ˵˵ҪǻʲôûһİˣĴϣ㲻𣿶Ǹ˻ڵվԱ߶Цô˽ܣ
֮һ仰Ҫ˾ۼĻӰţ
ڴϣؿŴǽԶ졣
𣬿˽ŸǰεЦĺܡᡣᡣ
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ͬش𣬡ɿ˵ܾʳжɡ
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С֮ģҲϡ
ϱӾѾζˣȥ׷Щ
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徲صҵġ
Ҫģô򵥡һһֵ˵ţֻǣɿѡ
Ĭ
䣡
ˣ



ڹڱдĻųʿ󡭡
ܴϹŮ˽űؿſһţһȺֵĶ˲ˤſڣ˿һ˸ߡ
ѽѹˣ̹оˬɣѹ¡
𶯱𶯡ҵĵмˣųڰ
㣬ųῴģҿ˹ųѾˡ
𳳣ͣһĺܲҡ
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һХƬƬҶͻȻһƬž
ǺǣĶ̫ˣȻҵķſ޺ˡ
ӸµؿŵϵԱΪԿ飬ȴظеǹǿĺмơ
Ȼҵһ˻ӰųԱĬͬ
ˡ
òվ˵Աǣڿڵ龰ʱһĬݡһ˲°ͬʱҵص
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ͷ֩ﵽʲô
šžһ»ָ״ֻ̬ʣ±ٱĿѾĴ룬һֽűӣͷ϶һİ˺۵ҡ
ǺǡǸ尡ܰǸӵݸҵ岻㶯Сؿڣͬʱϴſı顣
תضЦЦ˵ðԼá
С۵ˡҲԸԷԸҲ
ȻˣȴǣǺǣⲻǹ𡭡ղţ㿪ЦģҪ˵Ҵɿûˡ
ô˵ûˣ忴һۡ
Ҵ˻ͱô̬Σյ˵ˣඥס
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ʵʲô΢Ц˵ţҾٿƤЦⲻЦҾҪˡ
ʵҲǡѽҪٴһˡ
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Ҫ˵ԩŶղҿûж֡٬˵ţǸѾĿȫǵĴӣóһʺӣ
ѾȻ׻ϣϵ˺ۺͷϵİŪѵǹĹȻȥϵ𡭡

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㻹ǹݰ³³һҧгݣرǸƺ
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ҿһĿ壬ͻȻһֵ޷ͷĸо
СҰɡٲҰʹӰ˰
09.1.9 ꡿

ĺԱ

Ӿôعһڡ
νĲʵָڿ巿ĴȻȵع˼ɿԵӣ˶ѡϾ廹ûɥĲҳԲ¶ʱҡ
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ӰŵǣһǻһҾúܿɰܿɰСκͿٶһߵӡ
ˣޣԣޣ
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5㡣忴һҹԺ˯ǾͼµԱ߶ҵĶ佲ֱȫԺӰӵɳϣȻԼС
ҾͲ˵ˣҵҲͲˣ5㺰ҲˣƵҵĻ
ˣ춼ˡ
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Щһڣûб̾Ļˮƽ찡
ÿʱҶڵȻ˵ֵǰ˻ûðܸǴ򰡡ȻҾͻᱻӻشȥ

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ǺǺǺǡСȻǸǰһɰΪʲôС˭أ

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ҿŰ졭ҿžܰ˵ĻھͲˡ
һ̧ͷõĿ⡣СĹϵ֪壬˵Ҳܲµ߷֡ҲǣҲǣֻ

ѾȻԼЦ
׽Ǳ־ԵʽЦԺ󣬱̬˵СҺһӴ?
áԺԲָ㡣
죬˳߿ĿȦϵ֡ǵ΢Цšҵ
ҲżԼһֱűյơڨڨ׼ַ£ͻȻץסҵ֣·ԭλá
Ҿȵ̧ͷĳޱ飬˵ûꡣ
ʲôֵɡ
ʱע⵽ҵ֣ϵı˵֡
̾ԣΣΣҡ
ſգ´ѷ綥ǿеһһڡ
ǣǲò
壬ôķұʾǸΪҲǵģ¡
˵꣬ױʾǸ⡣Ҳ˵ͷ
Ȥؿң˵ûϵ⼸ҵķû´μǵȴк
漴תͷ
Ҳ²ĿģһԼ¶ǵաԺлٴ˰ɡ
üëŤ¡
ҿա
߰ɣȥơҵ˵
յͷ
һ¡
ڱתͷ𣿡
֤ʱϵ㡣ƽȡ
áпͼϵңһᾡֻȻ㡣һش
˵꣬ߵһ£Ȼ󿴵Ѿڴڵҡ
ͻȻ
СһҲνӦøйϵɣ塣
嵭ҲԡѾŵˡ
֣ô
ָҪš
ң
ǺǺǺǡ
ͣ½Ų齩Ӳ˰ɡսսòŵ˼Ҽɡ
ǺǺǺǣûϵӴҸ壬Ǻء
壺Ҹ㲻졣Ŵһ˲ҾԹ
ôˣϴͲǵǰˣô˵ҲǣءžȻһ˿ơ
ǣЦſԣӮ𣿡
Ȼ
һգҪս𣿡
գҲ˵
ǵһҲһƹصˡûǰӦʲôġɫҪɱĶ𣿡
΢ü
ͿǰʶңӦʱս
ƭ˵İɡС
Ȼս㣡룬ĺŰɣá̬ػش
һһ򣬲㵹ȥ
ȷˣ
Ȼ
ղ˵ʲô
̧ͷӵؿſ壬ЦЦһĹ졣
̲סЦ
Цĳˡ䲻һ䡣
֩뾫֪ҡ
Ҫ㣬עĳƺ΢ε˵
ŭ˰죬³֣ǣų
̽
ЩػعͷңҲغһ
ǽܣǻӰŵԱ˵
壡
үġǡ򲹡ֵĶȥˣ𣿣
ǺǡСŶȻûиҡ̬ЦһγҹաôСĺǶأ
ޡ
ĺš
09.1.9 ꡿



һֱΪӰŲʲôÿ͵ǷŴвǶ׵ȥ˭
νӰţǸԶУֻ߰ݵԼһȺˡ
ҺܾԺǲףΪʲôҿԱɡ
ΪңҲʲôࡣ
Դˣʹ塣ʱŵɳϣָϥһһ㣬˵ʼΪ˷ֻ̹ɱ˳Ӱž࣬Ƿ֮飬ȴμ
˵ضһ£˵ҲϧҲһ
仰ʱͷϵĵƱڳܵǿϵײػεƹڿ𣬿С
ҾͻȻԤؿ˵ҪҲұɱˣѹ
˵Ҿͺˡ
Сع۲ſı飬ȴҲ֪ԼڴʲôȻ֣Һ´κһִ𰸡
Ȼ˵ˣң޷ŵĴ𰸡
˵
û˵ֱͣѽųм䣬һɳϡ
壬Ǿ仰ҵû˵

Ӱŵڣ졣أĬǵĲ롣ңҲʽ˿ķ䡣
Ҷͳ鴤˵ûϵûϵҲ㵱ʱƭ˵ûз䡣
ڨЦ˵˵㲻ʱܲɿȭͷ
һȭ˹ȥͳʹŶӣߺ˱˵侲侲Աֹ֮֡
Ҳ֪ʲôҺսƺ10죬10֮ǲ֣ܽƽд趼ԡأȻӦ
͸ң֮ԿսΪǷ顣
һĲš
ʹˣκһ˵Ϊν˵飿
ҡͷųŵųŵųǷŲ᲻Ƿ£ңûһԸ
ԿŻΪĹأ
ЦӦ֪ģ˭սӰţûǰԤԼһ˵ġ

ڳֻǰ˵ڽ
˵¡
֣صص˵ͷ
Աߺܾû˵ֻһֱһֱ˳ҵͷ
̫ˡͻȻڡ
һ£ͷ˵ҪϲҾͼˡ
ȻͿնؿһᣬҺȻеʴӡ
󣬻˵ÿ
ҡˢһ¾ˡ
ѽҲ˵Ĺ
Цһ̻ͷȴָֻԭıɽ顣
̫С˰ɣһͷͲЦʲô˼Ц𣿡
ƳֱӲңһֱ߶Żعͷ
Ҫ7һزԼСġ˵
ʲô˼
û˵һ
һһָԼģˡҪ£Ҳܸо𣿡˵ţһ˻֣˺ۺȻǰ
΢һüҽͣơơ
û˵üͷֽ˽
Ҵɳ˺ƽеĸ߶ȣ˵Сȣһ
տң˵Ϊ˿塣
ң
ôܡ
Ϊ˾ȷ̹
ǣȷ̹ȷ̹ĳԲΪˡ塭
֣ƺ󣱣죬Ϊ㡣ռ˵
ң
գ֪˵ʲô𡭡
Цİɣƺ󣱣첻ΪʵȻһ𣿿׿ڸҵġյļһˡı顣
յؿң˵ûá
ңû˵ˡ
˵ԺƾͿȫ̹ĶȻһս
ȴ˵Ϊҵơ
ȷһûлָ״̬Բ
Ǹƣҽƽ˵
㣺˼ǣƵʵˣ̹Ҳȫˣ
յͷ
ǣΪʲôҪʱƺ󣿡
գΪʲôҪЩһضǰЩֵաΪʲôԿͻȻ
üҪ֪ѡ˵
գҵܵܡһһ˵šҵܵܣܵЩˡ
˵ҲǡյȻ
ֱֱȫĵѹɱ
ٶҷɱҲ㡣գпͼҵĳŮ㣬ӻصĽ㡣㣬ʲôɲң
һ漴ָ̻
ˡؿһ仰
һ仰֮ǰŭȫɢˡ
Цõؿգһ𱸵Ļ˵ˡ㡭ѽˡһû㾹ȻǸĸ֡
ĬȻ
Ӧ֪ÿκͱ˴Ժ󶼻в̶ͬȵĽ˶٣ɫ۾ֻ˵ҵݣ룬ҸɣΪʲô޷õĳϣ
պ˱ܵҶ۾ؿڣɾ
Ҳĵܵܡ
ɵĻҲܡΪʲôʡ
ͣһͻȻ˵һصĻ㡣
ôֳȥˣ
ơ
ֱյĶͷͬʱһָԼĶͷգһǷˡŻ˵ôֵĻ
һѰִͷϳҰѣȥע⡣
˵ţκĪŭ
ͷ⡣ΪԼ񡣡Σٽʱ
仰ձ죬ƺڼ롭ң΢΢ϵ˼֡
Ҫˡ
ͻȻס֮Ĳȣɳϡ˳˲ŴǰıǼⶼҡұʱʧȥжӲҵļɳϡ
գ
񣿡ɵ΢üڸܵʲôҡ
ңҡ
ձĴصѹ
оǱĸо۾Ȼʯˡ
ڣҰɡ
Ұɡ
ڡǡ
ӷ·˰żȫյϢҵĴԼֹͣУ˼޷СղƽհգûᣬֻаռֻǿƣռаӶһС
屻һһֻǰԺ󣬴ָϴıĴ͸ͷ̼ҵĴԡ岻ܿƵزϱ
ظоʲôﲻϵţͬʱְʲôһֱ١
ͻȻѹȴֲ׽һ˿֡ѹʲôֿʲô
ﰲֻҼٵģԼ΢Щɵĺ֪ʱҵյļ˹ϣֲӦţմģͬձϢ
ãղ뿪ҵĴ֮ǰĺҫʯؿЩӦңһſڣܵ𣿡
Ҵؿգգգ۾֪λشͻȻеɤӸɺԵĽһסʶ촽ãʿˮ
ͬʱأһθҵĴ
ҪʱĶյڴй¶ɳƵͳȴûɵؾԸޱȡ
ʲôҪң
յһǳĺջѳȴع̶ԭء
𶯡ռ֮ղŸͳ֪ΪΣұһ仰ŵĶʱձ²Ҷ
𶯡˵һΣεȴ࣬ڶ˵ȴ
ǰҷ̧ͷı飬ȴֱ˻
աܲ˵һ仰Сؿڡ
˵
ƺ۰
ˣ
һӴӰˤɳ
ιֵʱк㡭
̧ͷȴĳֱӲ岻ȥң۾۽ǳ鴤
Ϲʶʱɲ羰İ׳ա
ɳϣϵڲộɵվڴߵգղšղţΪʲô
㲻Ǻ𣿡ǳ˵
ˣ
ΪղЩɲ羰Ļ𣿣ѾȻҲ֪ɲ羰
ղǸɡͷʹ˵ôǸ⣿
Ҳܵܡ˵
ԭҰɣҲ̸⡭
Ϊղŵ𣿡ҳϵץסЩصĶ
ջתбڴϣһƽ
ðɣҾԶΪĬˡ
ʼգɡε˵
ûѪԵϵա

Ҳǵܵܡ

㻹𣿡

̾һ΢΢ҡҡͷüͷһ壬ŷͻȻڣˣͽ
䣬֨ѽһˣ˫ֱؿԱϣЦЦ۾ݸѶ
һؿųſڵĿ壬ȵز֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ʲôʱʼѾˡ
ղҪϿ壬Ѿˡ
Ǻǣû٣ֻҪҺһЩѡȴԵڷǶ˵ģ۾ȴضңҺȻʴӡ
ؿ˿һۣû˵
ǿ壬ȻһЦ˵ûʲôˡ
˵꣬תͷ뿪
Ҳؿſ뿪ıӰĵʡ
ڡʲô
09.1.14 ꡿

 ӿڳ

˵û֮ǰűﵽʷϵ߷塪ˡ
ȻȻ˱ƸϻԼա
ǣ죬ˡ
ȻһֵԴͷȴΪҡ
ȣҲΪʲô֮ڡ
Ǹ̬˱̬ж޷ԤģºúóһٷǶǲܵ£Ժǡ
˵աСͬ־ǸԶԼˣ˵סˣȴûÿš
ʲôȻǮˣҪʲô˵ǮⶫҪҲաҾȹ㿴
Ȼǿ塣СÿҶֻһ£Ǿǿ顣ص㣬Զǿŵɳڿʲô顪۹ŴżеĿɷ֡
ˣǸôܵĴܣϷϷóԵĳԣùĹ䣬÷ķϲ¾ҽôܴ»š
ֻʣңһ㡣
ǲ忪ҪһԷ͸ˡڿ飬ǸڴܣٲȻɱˡ
ÿԷʱأͿֻҺǸɰĺӿ١СζǸʳĺӣһʳ
ȻҵڣξҪͷʱҲҳԷˡ
ʵ̫ˣȻΪҲʲôöˣô˵ء̫ѹ˰
ʱʱһѹһѹҶ׿ΪʲôҪʱʱСһɱأ
áҳǶǿ˰ɡ
ܲ˵ʱ򱬷һΣѾĶɱˣǣҲûۿңɿҲûˣǶҹЦͣҴܵĴˡգСʼÿ춼һ뿪ͺ˿һ
ϵԭһҺںöľ
һһɳϣ˵ţ壬Ϸô
䣬ȫˡˢذͷתߣպҲֱͣ£Ŀȫŵ
岻ǿ壬ͷû̧һ£ȫҵĻġۡ
ûӦҿʼŲѽŲŲԱߣͷĲ壬ġۡһʱҲ꣬ϷϷɣ˵ţһֻ־Ѿ쵽˿У׼߿顣
ָյϷ塰žһº飬ȻƫͷҴ˿εһصһһ㣬ƺڿǡ
Ҿؿǰȥջ
ɫ鷢شǰʮֵ֣ĺɫ۾ңȴûҵĵӰ΢΢𣬺ݺݵعҡ
һǷˣŻͻȻÿ˧޷ֵĵز
壬û˵˧ͻأؿڡ
һ£ЦؿһۣҡҡͷôͻȻô˵ˣ
ҵͷ漴ҡҡͷһôӣ˵񹲷ߡ
һƬ
СڿտĴ𡣡˼˵ų˧񹲷ߵĵزˡ
ЦǾôһһϡ
䣡
ҸоԼѪҺһȫӿ΢΢ȣҾ忴Щڡ
ôôǰ˵ɵˡ
ͻȻַŵͷϣҵͷ

ڣʲô
ֱӱĶӣȣϣãڵֹңȫ֩붼ôشסˡ̬ʽЦʼ
Ҳ΢һ¡ѾҸҴԼ֪ΪʲôҪô
ˢ
ͻȻһƫͷʲôɿشӶ߲ŨŨ
֣˶٣˵Ҫų

ûٿңǽŸղǸʼٸߡա
ȴûмͿӣǼߵǰһӰҴɳɫ̶һ۾ң⡣
һƣ˵ˣǼҲ˧˰
նһ٣漴̽ҡ
ȫһΰ
治Ϻˡɿ˿Цõ˵
ȻѾͷûϰųƵ˵
˰ɣôⷽô͡
ȷʵⷽЩٶۡ
ЩٶۣȫС֡
ųҲǸգͷżİɡҿ˹
ߣ̹


ǣ˵Щʲô
Ұ۹Ͷ壬ѯš
ûлشңֻһ˲˲ضңζ
۾ƵϣСЦĻ֦Ҳȫڲͣض˵СûгŶǺǡ
ң
͵תͷһ֩һٺ
˭û󰡣˭û󰡣СǡָſҺһ󰡣ָСΣСָգҲòã˭˵СİСſҡ
ֱӺҵҵ׼¥һҲʶ̫ˡı顣
Ǻǡأ˸۸ңһǰ棬ͣ˽Ų
㡭ʲôãˡ
Ҳ˵ֻЦţһֲҡ
֪ˣ
ǵģ󻹼ƽƳһۡ

˵ֻҪ𷢳ֱ̬ˡ
ҷͷѾôô߰ü˼һ£漴ЦȻڸϴʱ˧
ȫμž
С̫ɰˣǰ㣡ֵŤŤеֽƷɣַˡ
ֵؿ˿ΧΪʲôǶ˵ˣϲͲʵʱźÿ
һŬػͷֿЦ⣬ˣ
̧ͷҺգãһֱˡյɫҴδѿ
ǡʲô
С𡭡лú˵ú˵
հҴᱧӼȥÿķʽֱӰҵȨͬʱĬغҡ
𡭡ɿˡ
ڼ̧ͷȿ졣
ãǹֵܡ
󡭡
СѾֱӸҸǣŤˮȥˡ
š
һۿ壬ӲǸָ˻ȥųˣЦ°ЦˡҲüë
հɣҺÿ
£ʼϷҲһɶˡҵġʵ¸ҡ
գ
ĳȫң¥ݷߡ
շ




𣿡˵һ仰
ұһ
¡ռ˵
ҭˡ
㻰̫ˡռը
Ҳ˵˼仰òã
09.1.8 ꡿



ߺ죬Լķһ涼ûмʼ̲סǲΪԿįˡ
ȻϲС
ɿ˰͹šһᣬϤ͸Ŵ˹

Ŷ룬尲ڡϣ
ֻǻعͷһۣȻĿֻص޾ĺڰСûκεı飬·Ͳµһ
谵ķ̨ɳԱߵ°ɫصƣ͵Ĺڿϣɫĳɫп㣬ͷɢɢشţûƽյѹȸУ˷
Ŀ壬Ҵģڡվʱӡ̫ѹֵʹ಻ѡ
Ϊʲôʹࣿ
ӣһߵߡ
żҲ¶ɣųˣڶڲǲûԷ˫ֱؿԱߵǽϡû˵עҶԳˡҲҪ֪ĻһԸҲӮǮ
ûлشңֻǰĿͶԶ֪Ķ
ԼˡεҡҡͷſߡԲԣҺʱǵҡǡȻѧСӾʳ

ͻȻ̤ȥĽ˻һعͷֻ岻Ųæ˵һɡ
Ҷ˶٣Ĭתţԭ·ء
ԾؿڿǽϣҾſ忪ڣȴûġ

У飬޷ġ
ȴôȻķš
ңҲȻؾ

ܶҲȴƺӦһϣҾشڿֱ
ںʱԿǸޱϤķҰؿڱǽϣͬ壬ͻȻһּįĸо
һ˵ͿʼЦᣬȻįҼį
óʱ䣬˵аɡ
ֱҲƾؿһʱݵشӴԱ׼Է
һְסĸ첲ˡ
̧ף٩˵ôۣ
ͷ˾ʵҸԸҵǮ򰡣
ķ
Ǻǣ͹ģԿϧˡָֻǰǷ״̬·һϵĳŴûдڹһ
ȥ
忴ңЦ漴ĬĬؿʼġ
ǸӵĻɲһͷͿ˽ʳһСȻʮ֮һûԵ
ɳӹҵݹˮ˵ٳһˡ
һ룬ˣã
ԭԼųġͷ״
ˢߡ
֮ǳõĳĬ֮ͬǰεƽ
ΪʲôΪսʱһ㣿ͻȻڣû̧ͷֻһصĦűӵıԵ˼š
㣬漴ڣѵΪųܹԱ𣿡ô˵ȴ𽥳ΪʲôҾȻпһҵ뷨
ΪʲôҪ㣿һ顣ϸȴ
վԱߣû˵ǿ壬˻
⣬һϡɾֳȣ˵Ǿ仰ʼȻ
һϰǡȵȣʲôȻ
ұôʾ˵¡Ҳоҵ뷨
ҲԼΪʲôһȻǣԼһ
һڷ˼ſղŵĻɲɺղǾ仰ղ˵ʲô
±ӣЦҡҡͷûʲôһʲô
աͣһ£˵
Żعͷһֻۣע˶̶̵ӣȴҾмСʱôɫ۾ԾɿԼĴڡ
𣿡ջĿ⣬嵭˵ţǸƽı顣
֮ǰ˵Ļڿʾɳϣһ֧ͷ˵˵ΪŴ׳Ѿͷʲô˵㣡
΢΢ˣ룬漴Цɢ
ڶϣЦɾһؿ
ջĿ⣬˫ֱϥɳأ˵ţҲ֪Ϊʲôô˵Ҫģԭ̫ˡ˶٣̧ͷһ۶Ŀ壬Цţֻǿҵ̽˰죬ˡ
ߵǰҵͷȵĳȴֻǶЦЦȻߵԱߣҿϴš
ȤζǶȤζҿͷѾͷ
Ȼأ˼ʲô𣿡˵
ҡҡͷ
һֱ룬ǲ˵ҡҸƽͷͷ˵
üëɷϣ˧ˡ
ô˵ģʡ
Ҵ½ţҾ̯ԼǰϸˣȴֻóۣһϲҡΪԱҡЩ벻ˡѾˣĿȥˡҪΪĻЦˣ
û̧ͷı飬һᾪԭء徹ȻҲҭʱ
ϸԼ֣ԥһ£ûпڡ
Ǹֵ⣬룬û˵˵Ҳûκ塣ǿ壬Ϲʹ˵ûеĶҲܱʾǵ˽
οȻѾݵ˿壬ҾֻǵšϹ϶ѡȷˡڣһȫͬĿ֡
̧ͷ壬ڴڣϣͬһδѵ꣬ҵķ˿ڶǰʮֵӡ֣ȴִһ˿˿а
ֻһֻزڿ㶵ǹŵЦݡͬɫĻ棬ȼţȴֹһп
Ȼڣ󣬴˿˿ĴԣͬĹƣҵĶߡ
붼á
ûͷûβĻȴġ
սҾɳɡ
ЦŽӻɣǻһսԱˡ
ǣûôҵػӦ
˵ǸԼ
壬ΪʲôɱˣʱлģԺ𣿡ҵؿڣĿַŵûп˿̵ı顣
ⲻȥҲ˵
ſѾϰ˽ֱֵΪ˲ûпھ
ûش𣬶룬漴ſڣȴ·ԶƮҡһЩңԶ
Ϊʲôɱ㣬ʵҲ֪ͻȻ;ˡ뿴Щʲô˰ɡ
ǽأ
ЦЦ۾ֱң˵˺ܶࡣ
ϻٲͽˡӡζ治ٳһˡ
ΪʲôҪұٳǰأʡ
Ҳ޸Լ˼һ£漴˵һĪĻͬʱһЦݡ
˵˵ȥ㻹ûشҵ⡭
ǰЦˣһ¡˭ֻҪش⣬˭ڣ
иϰߡͻȻڡҴɳ̧ͷɻ
ЦЦ˵ϰڸ̸ʱͷ֡ϰߣƫƫֻҵʱΪʲô
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˵дףķʽҵġȻֻյһΣҲ㹻ҼסˡԼǷݣᰴ߳˵ʽдȻǹİϤȫ
˵ǲЩˣ

·ͧʱ򣬵һ޳Ǹ˵Ǯүү
пͼҵ˶ܼǿǶ֪Щ飬ǿܽġֵǣڿĵһۣˢصԺûٿ޹ôؿǱ԰׵һεβͣ䣬ı鶼ڲ
ҾôվڲԶؿһС
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ᣬῴҡ˶ѡ
֮ĺܳһʱ䣬ӻȫʵȳʱ˱֮ͬǰԹҩԺһϸݡһǣβٱˡò˵۹⻹ӻȻһÿ
ҺޱĳĬʣӻֻǻ˻֣˵ʲôҲ˵ֻǴɾŮ˵۹⻹ҵˡ

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ԽԽɿҲ㱻һĪӿû
ԭ֪䣬Ѿ뿪ô
ְֺүүҲֻһĳ̶Ȱˡ壬ѵķΨһĲ

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ǰǺǿҲȷĻܾ̫˼ˡҪ֪ЭҪѰҵĵһȻ֣ܴܳɾ㡭һȫšı顣
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09.1.9 ꡿

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Ǹˣֽн?ʿ
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þɭ֣ʮΣյش֮һ
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ͣҪȥһطܰһ֤𣿰Сһ˵һǰߡ
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ͼУΪͷ˹żĹϵѾЭʽΪκû֤޷롣ͰæԵʡҶ˿ȫ᲻Ȥ
վſڣ½סЦСУһ㶼û䡭һɡ
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⺢ӣ˵߾ߣôЩ궼Ķȥˣ5갡Ŷûдԣ˲ٿɡ
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һ֪ӼʧʱѾʼڶҲΪҵҪвŻĵزиУõİ취ǲҡ

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ΡΡָָգһı顣㡭˭ôһ˵ô໰˵ðʲô
һתͷҡ̫ܿѨµѪƴΧĿƺͻȻ࡭
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ãҲ㡣
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ʲô
һûҪʲôأȴкѡ˵ģ𷴻ڰ
á
ʲôӦ㡣ֻҪ˾ͺá
09.1.16 ꡿



ڽ䱸졣
мҹһСܣǺӸոձݺݴһ£ɫήҵҴ۾ֻǣʵû֪Ľֻ֣Աţ˵һЩ߰ڽ顣ڰοˣ±롣
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Ҷʱˮҭס
ﾹȻõһ˿ƽУԭ𲻹Ƕð
СָֻǸȫŤļݿΰѿˮεҺԺҺ̲סֱӰߵǸ˵һ¡ұﻹţԭ˵еġԾĹӵİ
ȻСû׼˯ңѳζǵþʻ㣬ʡԵϸԺǽͻȻѹԭԼ֮ĸﶼЩʲô
ʡԵĲ֣ȻͻԼֻ͡˵ǱȣҳáǶ˭ȫ߱Լɡ
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˵ܸо㣬ָоܰġ

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пصĺӣһ㡱һƬ
ǣǣɫ˲˵ĸףҵЩ·𣿡ûд𻰣ֻһס죬վһᣬתݵķߣ߱˵Ҵȥְ֡
֮ǰͩѾͨˣ߽ݵʱϯ͡ŵ㱼䣬ҷ·صǴΣûҪȥʱ
ðɣٸ̾һʱš
ʱҾֻĸˣе˶ϯǴȥҶ۾ְ֡ϯûӦһϵص˵ͷҿŵȴҡҡͷ
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ڵʱǸʱӻ˵ġ
˵ӻڵңк?ʿ

뿪пͼҵĵ죬ڵϽͷţһԭпͼҵĴŮ?пͣѱпͼӴûκιϵڶ֮ǰڵйҵ׷ɱͽȫЭᡢпͼԼһѹȥ˭鷳ڻûж֮ǰ鷳
ЩϢʱҲҡҡͷЦһжӣϯѹЩ鷳û뵽ġЭᣬǺǣһǼһø磬һүү
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·Ҽߡ֪пͼҰ׼ͧʲôġǸڰϴҵǵ㲻ҲǣֻǣţѣôҲȥ·أϴǸָ·ôˣΪҪ˭ܼ˭
ţҷָĵزˡкܶ鷳ʸ·ûʳÿ˶˵ߡߵĶǸͷ
ҪˣĶ
ͰҪҲȥˮ֮аʵǣҲ·
09.1.16 ꡿

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ǵѵӪʱһ仰˵ŮˣƯŮˣһ·յĻôһ㶼һʿΪָ·ȻĿľԲ⡣
أصػ仰ʵԡ
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Ǳɷӵ׶ȳҵ󣬼ֱǽ֮һ·ûһֻ֩룬ϢûУʱһֵֹֹĸоƺ鲢ûǰ˳ͣסŲϸظ֪һУ֣һоŸˣɢĸط
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ԥҪҪȾͷǸ䣬ȴͻȻ¬˳Ҫô㣿ˣĶ߶ᱻ֣
ۿԽԽһᣬԱһȥˣ˭ԾˡС˵ǿð
һƬڣûгǸҲû˵·ͻȻĲԼķһǾôĬţշµһˣǸ鷳
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ͣǰ˵ҲǼٵģֻǵزңҼѡΣұ룬ȥˡ
ΪͻȻ֣ԭ飬ģǳǳɡ
09.1.16 ꡿

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һ£֪˾裬ҳûһĹȦڳһӡԱߵСܺװдŶˣ֪ʲôһظҵǸһͼ
Сôһŷ·ͻȻ˹ԳЦЦ˵ûҸûʲôϵʲôǡ˵ţת߽ӰС
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ѡ·Ǳ˷Ի޳ɣ飬վǲġ
ҵɣֻ˵Բ
ͻȻ뵽ޡ˵һ仰˵ѾͷǺڣôԶ޷ǰˡ
ʱãȻǿɶͷȴõҸ档

ֻǣܲŰѵ͸ˣ
׼뿪۽ǺȻ˼ϤӰӰţǲǡҪȥôô֣СҪʲôСܱȥˡ찡ôû󡭡ѾղŲҲȥ˼ұô
һزĵȺСĵرܿСǣʼĴ¥ȥʹǱױڶϻӰţҲǵѡ
һʱ䣬ӦҲ쿪ʼˡڣеԱѾеѿΣֻſĻ࣬չˡǿˣڵɱֻˣȫⳡӾʢĲμߡ
ң񣬾һڣúõһС
ˣû˵ʵǳͣ
09.1.21 ꡿

ָɰ

ʱңվѿǸ־Խ͸شһУһȻԵߡְѳ䣬ת뿪ȥЩؽ᳡˷ܵǡ
û֪ǰģǶôΣյĴ

㣬֮ѡ
ǵõʱʱҺֱӵ˵ߡ
ǱλźɵػţҪѡĶʡ
Ҳǻش𣺺ߡ
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򵥵һ仰ȴǶƲٿҫĿ϶
ָֻ֪ܡʱҲףָʲôЦֳصΡ
û뵽ǣƳϯ͵⣬Ǽ̳п͵ķּҡָпͼҳзּҵͳɼʵ˳СƲɰͳߣֻڳиػˡ
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ӵҲΪָ
ָζζҵݡұ뱣֤أԱڰпͼңҵİΡ
ⶫٳزȴ뵣
ҺпͼҴɵЭ顣
Ҫ˵ܵɵĻȻΪɰ

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ôأ롭
壡
뵽ˡ


09.1.21 ꡿



ԶʲôԸԼԿˣԲһ֣Իʮֵػ㡣
ҲǲֻΪ̫ļ󸲸֮ϣҺʵĶԹ֮һеìܺδ⡣
ڼ֮ܿ˵һУ
ҺȻ򵥵ؼȥ

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һֳŰϣϴЦݣʵһʲô
ֻһ˲ʱ䣬ҺͿ岢ߵſʱͻȻǰһ֪ʲôʱı׶ֳҷҽ߾ȫܣȴǱ̴˼򡣿ġؾϣҵס
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һοɫҲҲһ¡Ҽı׶ٵţ˿ۿɼٶϣһŲߵߣ˿ҵ𣬻ҲڵϣԾǵЦݣ̩ɽǰ治ɫݺݵһѡ
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û˵ֻǰڿƣһŶӣж˵һС


һ
ʼ
09.1.22 ꡿



ãУһЩ飬Ҫֳ
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ԵҾֵʱ򣬾Ѿ˳һеĴ㡣
һʱ䣬ձͬʱ˦෴ķֱֱվм䣬Ȼú⡣
ڵҲɫΧߣͬһȼյĻУȴذͻȻЩѹҲ֪Լĺֻ֪塢յսûκεļֵ
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һԸΪҿҸ
ɲ룬ֻǸƾ˸̺ʹࡣ
ԲȥĺֱײҾȽⳡ־硣֪˵վţֱ漣ͬʱ˦뿪ҪҲֻˡ
۽պ˵شӵվһٿ壬ȻЩǿΪＯŵϴôССһѣѾ˰ɡôˣ
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ؿһۣޱ飬ϵȴԽԽƺһҵ°͡ʹſͣѪ˳һѰҵͷ˳ưһѪ˳
˭ҪȥֹҺգƢʲôʱһ㣿˫ֻأյؿߴڴڵѪǷ⣬ǸղžͿһΪִһܡ
µһѪҷ޷޵̧ͷֱԱ߲һ£ŭӿ塣㲻˵˭ҪſģҪ˵ȥˣɣȻ˵
ͷԼ·˵ûûСظҽḶ۵ġ
˸ۣЦɱҰۣԱ֮䲻ڶ˵һḶʲôۣ
ֻһۣ漴Ťͷ˵һ䣺žеʳ
ңԼǮлл
壺Ųһٵҵеꣿ
ң壬㱰ɣ
壺ǿ壬ų
ңһҲĶҾͲոʿ
壺ҪǸԡ


ʱص·ϡ
壺ûи뿪п͵ԭ򣿡
бۿ˿ûᡣǸʾ䣬Ȼֱóɿ϶㶼µһҪ˵ʲô
忴ûлش˼˵ΪڰΪпͼ£ǵĽ֮һǱܡ
Ծû˵Ҳ͵Ĭˡʵϣ˵ģԡ
ҪһҪпͣǱȻġԭ㲻ܸ߱ˣһ£˵Ļкܶ˺㡣
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ҲЦЦû˵ͻȻͣ˽ŲһĻȡߵǰתסؿЩȵı顣
ųҲò˵ôһ̸ߵĲ˵ϴһأ
ЦЦؿң˵ʲô˵ЦҾɱ㡣
ı飬֪ڿЦڣҵĺʤȴϵЦԽԽ󡣡ųϹȻҲɱĵţôҪ֪ĿʲôʵԭͲ˵ˣô
嶨ؿ˿ң漴ҲЦݣҺȻ˻յĳ嶯ԽңǰߣҶһ£ĽŲڡ
Ѿ֪ĿҲǶһôǰ洫˹üëÿɷ
岻ǻӰųڰлȻλߣɲԼǿǻۺĻԵ룬ҷӦѸ٣˵һαˡ
Ͳ֪Һпͼҽ׵ݣ
һʼҾȫϯͺŵ߻ӰԼڲİšղţ⼸ǳ϶ķʵƶϣƶϵģǡǡȫȷ˿ֲķʹ󵨵˿壬û˿
뵽һơСѾѶգ۵ģ
˷ĵţҵ˼ĵزΪƶҺпͼõҾͬõɱּ֧֣ӰһųпͼǽǶôֲҺģĵط
ҴӦţҲΪиʱء
пͼңҵı̨
˴˶ڻõĻôͿ˭Ӯù˭ˡ
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ٶ򼤶Ҳ΢ӿ졣иԺв
Ӱţһˡ
09.2.1 ꡿



ΪʲôҪԱҲͬ⣡ųԼﴫѽŸ뿪Աųʲô
ųҪųųĴģûмԱô϶ϸ񣿡ֻ꣬˶ˡ
ߡҵ뿴ϲϸ񡣡Ƿ̹һ
һʶ

ͷڲԶмʯͷϣ£һֻǿ顱Ŀ壬ЩʲôӦ˰죬˼ҾȻһ̧ͷ˼ûС
֩ǶڲԱŲͬĿ󲿷ַԣͺɿ֮ǰǽʱѾ⣬˶ڷ䣬֪ͨ
֪ǻ᲻Ϊѽÿ˶Ҵһ
ͻȻߡžһǿ顣
ôʹһɡƽ˵Ȼعͷңû
ûпڣһȺ˾ӭҿһƬȵ۹⣬ͷҲص˵ã˵𣿡˵꣬ϱЦݣˣִ̧к
Һðþò
ѻȸ
ôһӣҺܳ
ֻųһָָң
˺㻹ǵҵҺܸжε˵
̹ȵ۾˵˵Ա㣿
ҸһõЦݡ
ųǰɡ
ҿ˹թʬˣ
ǺǺǺǺǺǺǺǡ
תͷ壬ĳվԱ˫ֲǼƤȤζؿһԱɡоڵǻعͷ͸һЦݡ
ңȷҪ𣿣
壺ܸ㶨𣿣
ңֻһ𣿣
壺ۡ
Ƶ̧ͷ˿컨壬ͬʱݺݵַ˰һһҪѿԺ飬ǰڡ
þò?ʿڿʼӰţλá˵ţ漴ĿͶ̹ųų˵ͬĿԸҴһʵͬ
һȺûһ˷ųͷ̹Լҿ˹һ־ı²鿴󣬷ҿ˹ʳ˴ҵʣѾͷѧˣ
˰˶ҡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ôǵ𣿡
̹üͷ£Ʋ㡣ѧôǿֱ˷ѡ
ų»ĸоָ֣оܡܡ
˵Ѫȡ
ųԶԣʡѪȡͷ̹ĸо񡭡
ֵǶۣȫȡҡѪȣعͷſ壬ĳҲȫͬصͷ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôң
ѪȡΪʯĹϵ
ٴΰһԼûʲô⣬Ҿ
ǼղŵĻɣ˭ҵʵ
һڶ˼ܿ죬;;˫ֱ̬˵ͬʵ˳ţҲǷ˵˷һǣɿˡѷСεȶ˳
ҾȵǣȻҲ롣Ͷȥ˾ȵ񣬺ֱӻһı̬Цݡ
֪СںǿŶһءǺǺǺǺǺǡ
ðɣǸ
ֻʣ˷̹ųսɡûзӦ̹Ҳˡڿ϶ǰǿûֻԺҪúðѧʵ
̹ѧ𣿡
ΧΪ̹ĻЦһΣȻȴڷúꡭˮʽԺÿҴܣ˵ʲôĻҪԼաʦ
ɿջ˼ƽؿŶų»ûȫֻͻȻЦ󲽳ôε
ǰվų˵˾ȫԾĻѾͷô

һ۲ԶĿ壬ȷطͷССһźߡǻӰʷŲ˰ɡ
ûӦֻų֪ĶһӣȻֱӰһߵϣԼһʤֻ˵ţ߸첲ͼϡ
ŶųͽһַǽĸоðɺðɣȾͱȰɡ
ſٵһʼҺųʼͬʱȻһŮ󡭡Ǹ߿һǸûҵŮ˿
Сδ𣺡ҪҪעҶģ򣬺
ҿ˹Ǹû̽ӻų㻹ϰ
ͣ򣬺ǶС㡭úѾģѾˡ
򣬺Ӯҵֱ
֣ų
ɿˣ򣬺
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ͣӴ̹ųûʲôİ
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ιǡҲʿɶֹ
һʱܳųڲҵûȫˡ
ѾͷСųЦšԱһѶųӮǽкϣȭֳһС֩룬е֩ļӺòá
ͻȻ˽͵˳һ󾪣ҶֻǸɾ˵֩룬ƵضעµȻһ䣺ųӮ
ȫֻʣҲ˼һͺų˷ܵصЦ
СΣ׷ų򡣡̹
Ҳų򡣡ҿ˹˵
ιҲҪôɡε˵ҾųĻŰǶ˵
ڶ֣֡ѾͷӮһΣų²˵ҵʡҲ̶á
ҪӮˣǮֵܷܲңһߺųڿƣһе˵ͣҶԼӮȻСҡҲҾͲϹ
ĬĬųԲ𡱺Ӵڲ֮ãųڳŲס˱һټȥҾ䣡
ˡϡʤ
ųʲôһӮųĿ֧غšų˿ûбʮ㣬Ѿͷ䶨ˡ
ûԥҲӭսЦôǮôøˣ
׼ʼͻȻһֲ嵽Һųм䣬˵ˡӮˡ
䣬ų͵һΪʲôⲻƽҲһţͷڣЩҲһ߷߲ƽӡ
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Ĭ
ŶõԶԣǰôûעأѽһûˡǱ仯ϵǿϵӦúˡ
ųһ˷ܵ˵ŰѽѾͷѽôƣȫҷˮˡ
ҿ壬ӮǮô죿
ͷҲŤ˵ǣӮҪǮĻҪҸ١˶ð
ˡ
壬ȷʡ
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ǡꡭ
ͷؿһۣ첻
ãӮˣȥС
ǣ˭
ץѽˣ峯ҽ͵
Ҳ˼ؿſ壬ô֪ʲôͨ¡
վһӣж
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ιʹǲ˼Щ㾪˵ഺŮҲչչ˺׷ôõ˰ɡٶȣ˼׷źܳҳԱߵĿ˵ţһ̤˻ˮĿҾ˵š
忴һ£ʾɿˡųͿټ׷ۣһɲͬʱ峯ʱ
𣿡嵭ʡ
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СһһҪץ𣿡С˵
ûнֻǴͷߵķȥ
ؿڡ
ˡӦ˶СġΣղұǡ
ôˣʡ
ûд𻰡ұߵķ򡭡ߣȻв
Сҡ
Ҵˡ벻ҪɱңҲٸˡһը
ǡ
ǰ˫ֵСܣҾȵؾǰѻꡣСڿԺҲ˵춼ûӦ
һأʡ
һӰشС߳վСܵԱߡʱѾȫٽˣֻҴš˽˽˽ڡ
СܣҪ
ڿҵһ˲䣬èôģ鶼˲Σһһϣȴֻ˵Ǹڡ

ԭ˵СҲ΢ȣпͼʺá΢΢ͷ
ûлӦͷβ۾û뿪ҵ
㡭
̡
һ˲ͷô󡭡
ץסǣߡ嵭˵漴ת·
ȵȣǡҳס˿塣
С
ҳ˳ǣûټ֡
СκС߹ʱ˵ģŪǡ
ҵͷлǷ뿪һعͷעǸڣɱԽԽŨŭ;޴ѹܿ죬أʹȻ΢
ƲƲ죬䡣
˭ԻӰʲôͼĿģҷһΣɱ㡣
09.2.1 ꡿

ʧ

ص㣺극һ¥ʱ䣺ϣ㣴֡ӰţСӷ²ĿģѰ֣ȴ顣
ر֤Բ˽Է뿪ԺСܺǰһۣذͷתһߣԸҡСһõ۹⿴ңɰЮƶҶ໰
ʲôͿ˵㿴ģѲܣҺЦسС˵
ԥһ£С˵̣㡭ǻӰŵĳԱǰ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ǰǣҽռšʲô𣿡
ӰţֲܿǶǻ˰ΪʲôҪǣСգĴ۾ֱֱؿңȴŴ𰸡
⡭ǲǸöС˵ʵҲʲôأ
ҪҪСһڡ˻˷ֱΡʱ򣬴һͻȻĺоˡȫԱ̽䱸ǵĿͶ˲Զɳ϶ŵ绰װС
Ǳ𣿣ߵ㣡һӶУ
ˤµ绰תͷȫڿְڳһϴӣʲô
ѯʵؿһۿ壬˸ùܡĴ𰸣ֶȥ˼ʲôˣ۹⳯ɨһ£ĿͣСܺϡ
ʱʱ䣺ϣ㣴֡
ղŵĻ˿ȥСָֻܺ˳Ĭǽϵʱһһ߹ͻȻϮһֵĸо
ղǸˣǲĶ
ѹеʣҵؿڣûл˵𣿡
Ťؼҡ
Ҫװʶ𣿡Ҽ˵
ļ͵һ£תͷèͫصңһƬŭװʶ˲ǸʱΪʲôҪϣʹǸָǾ㣡
ָСܱʱ򡭡
ԭ°
ȵȣ
ˣղŴ绰ǸˣСͬôΪǲŸ𣿻ǡ
̽ؿ˿СܡǰŰɣղͨ绰ǣڼƻߣҪҪǣ
ߵ壬ݡ𣿡߰ض˵
ĻҵˣһʱҲȥҪߵ⡣Ժлᣬһ͵ġڣʱ
ͣһ£û̷Ӧпԣ㲻Ϊң
էؿǰ仯һĺӣЦ۾·֮ǰİδ֡
ǣȻǸӡ
ˣҿǺãߺ㣬ΪʲôҪתҵע
ҿߣƳߣ˵Сܣһֱעʱ䡣ôҶҪһƭ뿪Ľڣ
ֱҺڵؿ˲佩ֱ壬ɫèֱͫؿңд˲˼顣ʱɿˣųͿ߽˷ꡣ
վԱߣų˷ܵغк̸ɿڶԿ˵ǵ׷
ʱʱ䣺ϣ㣵֡
ͷųĬĿ壬Ҳͬڿңɫ۾ףĥ͸
塭
û˵ֻ꣬һƣ漴תȥͳ
ɿˣǣΪܾųͬʱŤͷ۾һмӵСܡǣʲô
СܵĶʱסŵعͷңȫǱѺʧ;
ңû˵
ҳҡͷ룬ŵĿԼΪ㡣üͷұض컨Ͼ޴ĵơȻθ˱ĻôͲҪٱʲôˡ
΢΢ˣƫͷ˵𣿡
Ƴһۣһ֪ʡ
һĨ־΢Ц
Ϊʲôһйأ
ΪʲôǣȻǣµġ嵭ػشţǿɢҺȻЩƲۡ
ۣɿѾСܺҽ˽üͷޱڶĳ
ʱʱ䣺ϣ㣵֡
Ϊ˳ƣ
ͻȻžͣ
ˣأ˻ֵ

ô£ôͻȻͣˣ
ʲô
ɿСΣˣ
Сܣ
ץסˣôܣ
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ߣͣǶʱܣ¿ôܵˣ

ڿˡû°ɣǣСųԲɲǹҼҵ⣡
ȵȣɿˡųųͺˣ

һߣտĻ
˿̣ҰվһƬյϣһûһµطתų£΢¹⣬ؿŶˡѪ˳ֱ˿ڻȵĸоЩ
Ů˵װ硣ͷˮζ̫ءϲ
ι˵İɣĿģҷһΣɱ㡣ûϰҶ˶٣˼һͣźţȴûожƻûǣֻǰΪ룬ȷŻ壬Ƿ׷ɱ㡣
˵ģԲԣ
̹ǵҹɫƮһ˵̵ŭ
ûСֻǡ
СܺʱǵĻ飬ǸеޱȵϧƤ
ںʱ۾ȵؿҡ㣬Сܵİ̡㣬㵱˻Ӱš
ǣЦˡҵͷеĳ£㲻ϳ𣿲ϻ·ָ̧һˣȻڶ
ǺǣһЦͻȻ˽Ĵ𰸻һĿȻ
ޱصһԴͷǸĿ壬Ѿܱܲʱ²ۣΪѾ˭׷ﰡ
ͷظͣһ̡
˵ͻȻһƬڰ˲䣬ұܵ˷Ӧһѳסĸ첲Ա˿ȥ֮ǰСܺС̫ǸӡİʾҲ̫ԣڲ룷ʱͿʼȫ䱸ͣȻûϵ۾Ҳȫȴһ˷Ӧ
µ˶Էһṥ壬ȴûвµȻֳĹɳͬʱϮһǰ
ȻΪλþͰҵס˴󲿷֣屻ұ߸첲ϱһɼǵ˿ڡ
ոպþҡ
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ʲôЦĴ𰸽һѡ벻ѡк𣿡Ƥ
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Ҫѡأ
Ȼ͵ѡ˵ڶһץס£¶һõЦݡȻλӦͬ飬ӦȥҳӻǷ֮ͧĹ˰ɡһģġ
㣡
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ѿ嵲ǰв
ǰҾɱҧһһ˵
˶٣ҺЦҡҡͷŲȴûͣ¡ÿвңֱˡ
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һ˲ṦͳȥȻһץס˿Ƥ֣֣Ѿ˿ࡣ
㣡ץסƤԽԽһͷ۶ϵʱһһֿסĲӣˣ
ȡǺǣǲ𣿡ôʲôֻʧƤµӭҵ۾۶ϵʹԼɱıʹǳ
з۾ſƤһֻһһɫӸָ⣬Ƥؿڡ
ȿȣҪǡ뿴СĻȿȡɱҲ֩뻻ųԼ֪
ȻͣҶؿſƤ˽ֱĻбըС塭
һһɣƤˤ˵ϡӭ˿۾ʵأհ׵ĺɫ
ض˵
С֩롣Ƥ
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һŵЦţɫ۾⡣ί˵ܶһֻظҵա
ϵ¶ȣԶƫ͡
Ϸɡ
ҵؿһۣãȻ³һ仰ؿǡ
Ҫ޲ͬζɿ
ǺǡҪʲôҶ㡣
վԭأǸӵ˺һªŮ˰ѿƤͿϷͧȻ𽥴ʧ
ı飬Ƥľ棬װŷȿŵķӳȫҳһƬΨһǸªŮϷͧǰת˵һ仰
ģƫˡΪʲôǿԼ
09.2.1 ꡿



̤ʱȫԱĿȫϡɫɨһֻۣɿ˲ڡֱһʯͷ£ͺ,Сܺһߣֱֱҡ
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Ѿͷôһˣֿѯʡųأ
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Ƥ˽ƣ˺ԱӴ⣬Ҳ˵ڿһѶϢСܺܽ
Ϊʲôһ˻ˣɱֲɣ̹˵
о˵߶˹ؿڣұô̹˵岻ҾûлıҪ
㣡
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ҿһֿͣ˿̹۾СܺϡҪߡ
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㱻ˣؿڣ϶
ûлشĻֻǿ˵һղŵĻǿӲ
ҪСܺ˭ֹңҾͶ˭
һһͣ˶ʱ

أ˵һĴڣ
ô뵽⣿
ѡ
ϣǡŵĿ塯ǡšһˣôҲһ·

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СܺԱߵİѷ׼ֹʱɿ˿ˡ
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ѷĶ˲ͣ
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⿪СܺϵߵɿߡȻֿ˿ڸߴ˼۾Ķأ
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ͻȻ֪ϤҵһֲԾؾͰ˳ϣ͵ػعͷȫ䱸ضŲԶɿֵؿң˳۾˿棬Ȼ֪ʲôҲ䱸ܿ죬ɿ˾ͱɫ
ô
̲סǣҵȷûп̫ð
ˡСǮЦʡ
ŶСôֵģµ绰ЦЦ˵
СֱǸɰ롣ǿµģôϲֲڻһֱϤĸо
ѽ㲻񲻳ɹأСǮѽûûε˵š
Ϊʲôɿʡ
ΪʲôȻΪܺͿųһܿڶˮֵͷֱһȥ
㣡ԭ㡭
ʾɿ侲˵󡭡ⳡˡ
Ϊʲôؿ
ʼ磬ֱ

ʵĹ̽еĺܿ죬СܺͷҼۣȻûпڽƺЩɥֱƤɫ΢ת
ؿſһһ˹ͻȻ֪ðڳʲôı顣ϵأȴߵʱĮɿ˲
ɿüر۾ʲôû˵ȴоֱ˱ɿ˵ļᵽԵΪΪţΪ壬ȫĸˡ
ɿ˵ĺ󱳣ǿ̧ͷЦЦת߻˷ͧƳһۿ壬Ѿվ档˶ֱֱسСǵķͧȥ
׼ϷͧСһˣڷҵĽӽԺ󣬶ͣ
ǸֽɵŮͻȻվǰ棬ɴ۾˵㲻ɱɱҲġ
Ļͣ˽Ųʱǣֻм֮ң۾һѹɱ⣬ģҲɱ
˵ֵһᣬ˿˵Ƥ׹ǰվǰ
Ƥһ˵仰´ΣҾֱӶ֡ޱ顣ϸãҪͼСܺκεĿģǵ飬ҡ
Ƥһ˫տտ۾˲󣬵ָܿллѡģҵĿֻţѾﵽˡ
ҿǣҪ֪Ȼɱˣܶûɱ˿壬ȻΪǣɿҲɱ㡣
Ƥû˵ЦЦ˵Сܺʱллչˡ
ȥʱһ΢ֻһȴûġҶ˶٣ûлͷ
ţ´κңߵҲõ

ɿ˺Ѿ߽˷ͧһҶԿգգ۾룬ҲһΰӸҹ˰ɡ
ͻȻҵɴ۾һ֣漴Ṧٵسͧ񱼶ȥȴһŵͷԽԽߵķͧϴ˿̵ıһʰ쵡
תŭӿ壬̲סѾ㡭㱰ɣ˭ɵİô졭ѵҪɽ𣿣㡭㡭



ι㰡㷴ӦвУͷߵصŶĿ壬ͽ
ǺǣЦƤΨһʧǣ֪㻹ûдϴ࣬ʽԱһЦݵؿң
ҹǲʽԱΪʲôߣŭ
̯̯֣޹˵ȻΪûɽ²ȥ
Ĭ
壬Ѿҵͧ𣿡
Ǻǣ˼
쵰ռ˽ʱɣ
ԼٶȲϲϷͧġ
㱰ɣ
лл佱
㡭㡭
ô
޳ܣ
һ㡣
㣡
ô
ɿͣЭˡ
Ǻǣá
Уޣ
á
ôɴࣿǣޣޣˣһķݣ
Ҫٶԡ
ģĳֻѾˡ


09.2.1 ꡿



ǵڼˣ
£ƲƲ쿴Ϻŵʬ壬ȻĳԱ˵治Ǻ졣
һʱһ׸ۣȻصɳ
ʱǲǹĺǱĶ˰ɡ
룬ڴž嶼ˡʼãСʱȥԺ󣬾ͻͻȻãеϸƺŴһ㣬ÿһÿһ붼Ҫ
ÿĻǣΪʧʱĸҲʧȥˡ
ĳ崦һޱƵ״̬ȻϻǴһνӣʵѾƵľͲ׵ϻȦˣȥġ
ôôܺù
ǸаŵԤʫ˵ߡߵĽǣҺһֽɣС϶꣬˵СںǰǰĺųƼ˵ϾʱȥסҲ
ʵʧǹʱ䡣Сʱ
֪ǴĶȥģһ˲˶֪ܣӰŵųʧȥһû˻Сϱѡ
ֱӺȻſ͡Ǳزٵһˣ֮⣬бšֻҪɱԼͻǿ塱׳뷨װͷģ࣬ܽܵһ࣬ĽͶģﻹڿ˵šһ׷ųųε黰
ǣڣСϻֻһģȫɱ
ɱ˵ǸȻˣѵ㻹ָ͵ƽôǸװүĿ壬ֻߺȲż˵һ䡰תˡǡӦ족ҰƽܽԷԣ˴ܣġ
ŭ
˭ƶ뾶ֻ׵ܷſֽȥྼܵģҳҹ
ʱ뿪峬סԻѵʵΪָͷ붯ԸɴͰ鷳ƸѾֱ׳˵ʧȥѽޣô˵û
ֻҪһ뵽ڳסǮҲ΢ƽһ㣬ټɿѾӵһķݣҲͿһ㲻ƽˡ

Сĵ磬ҺͿӭ˵һλˣ?п͡
ʱڿϿ飬ɳҵķ֮ãͻȻűײһװɫվſڣĿҺͿ롣̧ͷ΢Цŵһۣ޹գգ۾漴ս
ȻؾͿ־ԵġڰЦݡҲˡûǰ˽ӽô˭ڵĸ֪ûҵǿ
յǺܴ󷽵ؾλãҵԱߣĶ档
ɢ͸Ե޹һַǳг͵ĸоĻ棬ŵˡ״ҲֻôһˣǹȥԺ
û˵⣬ֻǺҶ˴죬ҿ̲ס׼ڵʱͻȻһֻҵͷͻأ˵˾䣺ֳһ㡣
ȻҺͿˡ
Ȼ䳡䳡䳡
ʵҲ֪ԭֻ֪·ܶζֹң嵽̲סȻû˵Ȼ
ֱҪߵʱҲ̲סԭվſڣտҰ죬Ȼֱ˱ң˵ʲôҶվߡԱ˼ңΪʲô𣿡
һʱûзӦֻľɵص˵ͷȻĿ뿪
عͷʱַһͷЦЦı飬Ƥ˲˵Цʲôҡҡͷ˵һ䣺ҲͻȻ㳤ͷͦá
Ȼͼһ䣺ӣ뿪ҳ׵ľ롣
ǳ鴤
˼ȥǾãȻ뿪Ǽ귢ʲôԭѾһȣСϵѾȥ

ʵܳʱԺҲڷӦʱ˵Ǿ仰Լ֪ȴʲô˵ԭ
ҺпͼҵԼʱѾ֪ˣȴҵľ
Ҳǹ˺ܾúܾԺҲŷ֣ԭЩˣʵΪҺá

ֻصƽ
˴Щ鷳⣬ǻڷ忴ҷĹ涨ܲܲӣÿǶ뵽ȥʱʵڿȥ˾ӱһ˵ģרΪּ׶ġ
ȻǳܣȻྡȻУˡÿҶӮһϣҹΪԺҴȫûȤ
ǳԷǸ̬ġ뿪סĹ涨ҺͿķ˻õķûж֪Ҳȥν룬ÿĻ˵ǣָָܻܳĶȫνȻҾ˵˰ϴϷڷܶĶûбоء꣬ȻһЦ˵ɰҲЦ˵Ҳ
ȻѭǸܶǰ۹档
Цһ

Цһղһ
ҪҲᣡ
һɿ
Ǻǡ
ˡ

յϢʱǿʧԺĵ졣Ϣһҵ˳ʦһɿ˵
֪ɿʱֻǳĬ˼ӣ漴飬·ʲôûзûбˣûϧʲôûУҵ˳ʦ϶ûһ˵ı顣
ҸоĳʧȥɿԱڿ˵ԶԶҵʦϢӰֱǻᣬŶ˵˵ɿųļԱ֮һǺһ·Ļ顣
ûж޴ǣ֪ǿ壬Զ߸ϵˣҲһ˿СΧ
վڽֵԱߣͣ½ŲؿǰĿıӰ
Ҳͣ˽ŲػعͷңȻЦ˵һʲôЦ飬ѵղǼҵĶóԣ
̲סЦͻȻԼʵеˡ˭ô֮Աǵɿˣֻϧѣʹôһ˿ѹҲҿֺվǿ尡
ô᲻óԣòϴϳһҳԶٷҲ᲻ӵġ
ǺǣǾͺáǺľòóԵĻҾͰǼҵȥ
ҵꣿãǱȥˡ»ɡ
ǣʲôϵżһåҲǸ
ѵǰҵĲ𣿡
һǰҶֻԱ߿ţԼ֣ĸֱӰɡ

ôҪҪһ𣿡

ҺͿΨһһɢ̡
Ĺûв룬ֻһСùݷɳϣؿҺҺһϦسȥľǰЩ˵Ĺʱһ㡣
˶ã
ʱ˵˵̲̣ȴպùһݵļӡǴʱҲãҲе繡
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ҡҡͷ
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ңǲ͵ˡ
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һ仰ֱӶͷһƵ̧ͷ˵ЦЦ˵ûʱٻˡѾϰ˵ˣ¡
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ɣڿԺƽ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ
Ųڽֵϣǰʱ⡣ôƽֺǵı飬ǵÿڿԺ˵ͻȻǰ˵Ļ
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ҺͿԷСװޣԭȻΪ磬İѵ˼ˡõʱ΢ЦҵʱֻԶԶվԱߣһȫʶӣȻСϰҲҴкˡ룬ϰ˳϶ȶڷƷ裬Զƽʲô
˵Ǯ룬ϰӦô벻崿ΪҵǮġ
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ȻͻȻأڿԺЩѹֵôˡ
һС£ձԵյĺܺܺϼϰ΢Цźͱ˵껰Ժߵǰ£˵ǰ˵СһĲѵأѽС⼸и
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΢ЦŴվ۾ֱֱؿˣҲһؿҡ
֡
ã?ʿ
ãƤ
09.2.6 ꡿

֤

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Ƥȵؿңɫ΢԰סɿŵ̹ˣ
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ҹ˹ạ̇̄ɿˣȴֻһ䡰Ҳǹġ⣿
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ʱͻȻиطϵرҪһ㣬Ȼ󲻿Ƶ뵽˺п͵Լ
Ȼһǲܲ
ϣٰұ֤ɵİȫһУеƤ˵
Щؿһ۶۾տ꣬ͻȻһȫѪ꣬ʵǳĴһ·һУֻΪ˻һ˵ΪԼôҵĻš
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Ϊʲô˵õģ
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ڳųԱȫؿҺͿ壬ץɵԭ˶ҵ飬ܶ˲зӦģų
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΢üҶڿҵ뷨˿е⡣仰˵²ǲŲǿ塣
ʲôԭҲ֪ԸѣųͿƤ֣ʤʸۡͬ𣿡һͷˣƽ˵ȡõ·
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09.2.6 ꡿

ܾ

ʵʱò
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Ҫû˻ᵣųֲ
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ʱ˵ģƫˡ˵𣿡
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󲻺ʲôģҴûпǹ
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ڴϣͷس鶯żЦͣЦָ˵ϹǸ۲۵
б۰Ȼֿʼྼ̡ܹ

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Цں󲻺⣬˼˺ܳʱ䣬ȻģȴǿǳһδЦ
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ЦүүģѾͷȻǸˣسŵ飬һġ
ҵļʲôû˵
ЩҪ˵
ʱҲ뵽ɣǰ˵Ļʲô˼֪ԼݣԲŶ˵Ҫҹ˼Ҳǣںҿļܵʱǻװ֪飬ܿ˵λáȻסһˣҲȥ
Цǡϰĸо
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09.2.7 ꡿

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ܶʱҶڲ£嵽ЩʲôȻʱ仩ȴȻ޷͸˼Щ飬ȫǱغ֪
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ͣͣġѾȻǸΣҿԡŴòڲ֪ɡ
09.2.7 ꡿



һҹڳſԹ޵ϣĮİˡüҡ

峿䡣
ȫɽﾹȻ˾סҿ˹һʯͷϣԹ˵شСС
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һҿ˹ʱһЦͻȻû֮ǰΪӻɵѹ֡
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һĻԶЩĵ㣬ҵȫй١̧ȴ֪÷ֻϡܵԷ͵һҼᶨûջ֣±˿˵ȴЩ
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09.2.7 ꡿

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ңŰɡ
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ѹڴɫΧߣԽԽ죬֮֮ɢԭ߸ͷɢ˿ȥɫĳƮɢΧ԰׵Ϊʹʧȥκα顣
ǣʢŭŵı˰
΢΢ͷͬжǧѹɸУһ˲ǰǺݺһţֺݺݰ档ؿŵڵϵǣؿڣװķˣνתƹһ˲Żģ
һ֣㡭ҵô
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ˣǱ仯ϵ˼ϵȫ෴Ȼ˵ͨͱͨˣ
о߽Ŀ壬һǿ壬ˣΣ֮Ҳ̸ŵĿǡڰɡ
ϾԹޣҪͬ𣿡
ҲȵøˣЦݣ˵ǣҿڸŻᣡҪˣǻӰţҪ̫ôˣ
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ҳ˵⻰Щǿ
ʧѪʹЩѣܵĳˡҪľɱԾɿԣֻĴЩֵá
һĬ̧ͷЦãӰţӮˡ
ҷһЦֱֱص˿ϣ˯ȥųлˡ
ллסңллȡ˷Ļᡣ
ллղųȫ̸ԡ

۾ʱ򣬷Լһ򵥵ķ̧ۣӣʾ˵Ĳ졣
Сɢ붳𣿡ؿڣ״ֳЩʧѪ⣬ûʲô󰭣ȻԵʯǲȴ»ص˳֮УʹֱǰѪɫһץ¿ʼֻ֪صǰǱӡ״̬
ãáֻǽѶȥѣǿͷųġ
ʲôյͷ̧ͷöû¶ȵ۾

տһۣû˵ַ˵Ժ󣬲Ҫ⡣ѹǵġ
˼˵ս鲻ֻû뵽תƹѡ
ͷſ˵ȻΪʲô
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ѵ˯ϼ𣿡ұ߼Լ壬һͷҲ̧˵лл˴
һֱҲۣԾҪ˷䡣ǸŮغܺ˵˵ţԱߵ¡գ֮ǰ˵Ļ
տڴ˿壬˵֪ٵġ
˵пͼ𣿡ҽӵ壬ĳ
Ȩ֮ƶѡӻ֡
ûм˵
ȷпͼѪͳļҲ˵ĳΪμԼֻΪȡˣɶѡ
֮ҰԼΪѺȡյɣԼǰΪΪ
ųңֻΪҵưɣζؿſ塣
ս˸񣬼ȶڵ׼𣿡
ҿ˿壬ֿ˿գʼ磬ҿǺģôԼ׾İɡ
¶˺ÿЦݡ
ǺãڰӰҪˡ

ǵҪ£һյķ䡣һųΧţԲӣǰѣһߣѡ
ٴμǵʱұɹٵаЦݣֻǿҵ۾˷ŨŨĺ⡣
ŵϷλ£̧ͷ˵ɣλ
塢աƤɡ̹ҿ˹ѷ򡢰ɡ̣ԼңˣǷɢԵϣûκ˳
ҵߣֱɺգҵб棬ĵطƤҺͿ嶼ԺԶ
ôλҵǣϷǼϸ㲻עǡɫ͸λġ
һƬĬȴԽ
νϷŸλжšߣ㣬ˡƽʱܻ֪ġ飬غϡҪ΢ıһ¡ңǷ١ɳǩһɱ֣һ죬ʣµΪƽ񣬿ԱɱѡɱȻɱҪͱɱ߾춨죬ѡ̻һˡ
Ǽ˵ÿ˶ΪԼĻᣬ˵ԼɱѡָɱǸˣҪ;콻֡
˵ͷ˵˵˼ǣɱ֣ɱߣ죬ָߣпûǱǱ
ǳȻһЦ˵ûǿʤ
һһµ棬ǵĻڵֵĵصأʤı׼ʲô
һۣ˵ҵϵһǽ˼άռ䡣ֵصĿռλֻҪʶͿԡȻռܵһ˶ڻصʵͬʱʤ׼
ζؿһۣ˵λ߸һ顣ڿʼûνţǲվ˶棬ǶԲá
ϷʱǱµ˶࣬ôӮҷ϶䣬ͺʿ
ţԼȫλã
ҺͿһۣû˵ȴüǱߣǷ̹ɡҿ˹ͰѷߣǿƤɡպС
ҵüģ˵ġƫͷЦЦصͷ
ٴ̧ͷ壬ͬʱڣͬ⡣
Ц˲һһǰһ˿ơ
ôϷʽʼ
09.2.7 ꡿

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ÿ϶õһ˿ƣǡЦ˵סŶõƵɱ֣ģǾ졣棬ҵĿ£
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ƺųҲ˰ڲ˰
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˵ţһָǰʱһƬڣӾ˲䱻ᣬظܵԱɽŵĺ֮⣬˶硣
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ӺǷһЦ˵ǺǺǺǣ֪ˣɱֱۣۡ
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С㣬˵Ӧû˭أ
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ЦЦתָһߵķ˵Уɱ֡
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ЦΪ㡣
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Цһôɱֵģ֡
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һݺݵ˵ޣɱ˵ɷִ˺ңҽһҪɱңΣ͵ȡ
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첲һҲûסԴعͷݺݵصһۿ壺죡
ҵı飬Ц
Щŵؿ˿ңֿ˿壬սַɣƽ˵ڶֿʼ

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ȣǶⳡϷоǷǣǵĿģֻǡڰѡ
Σɵܰ˳ͨⳡϷ
ԣɱɱʱҺͿͬʱ֣ɵɫޱأڸǲ
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̹
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ǿĽЦ˵ǲ˼̹ǵľ챣ˣԣԵɱֽˡôų̹ĻٴͶƱ
ͬؿŷ̹ȻһƵı顪һƻˣò׿Դܣȴոպñֱųˡ
ڶֵָϲû̫ƤرˣƱҡ塢ѷͷҿ˹ŵƱϡݱ򣬶ʤ
ǻһȦЩȴȻ˵ûɱ֣С˧硫
䣬ɽüͷָڷ׵ȭͷй¶˿̵顣
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һλصǸԪռ䣬վм䣬ǿƤͰɡ
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ҪɱʦȻһ𣿡ϧؿųеĿƤͰɽ֣Ǵ´ġûг󰡡Ӱŵųôܸһһηأ
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һ£ѾȡŵĻˡˣֻ˵͸ˡ
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ʱǵ𣺡Ƥɣݱ涨ɱԺҪ;콻Ӵ
Ƥûд𻰣ɱȺУƤսԲģ
Ȼѷߵ룬Ƥں˼ƣֹе·
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ѷ㱣Һ𣿣̹Ѿǳˬضųں
ѷһ۷ķ̹˵һ䣺ѡġ᲻þ˷ѡǷҿ˹ٲȻǺų
䣬㵽ļͷͬʱԼһκǶһڸСųˡ
Ƥ䱸վڰѷ棬ϵѾƴ
ҿ˹Ա𣺡̹˵˭Ӯ
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ƽؿųʹطųԱ³ĸ֣Ƥ
ҵĻɾȵתͷһסҵڣС㣬˵𣿡
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۽ǵ⿴ϸĵΪƤ˿ڣٿȼյ۾һգգضŶˣһʱ侹˷ǵĸо
Ƥ㲻˵űΪʲôȴѡ·

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Ӧ˵ɺͰѷ˵ʹȻĻұӦκεĸоֻǣƤ˿̡ʹЩơ
źͿƤ߶˵ұϹۣȥЩ顣Ȼ֮ǰȴΪԼһʱ˽ģŵ棬ס˿ƤһҲÿƤ֤ԼҲлżֵˡ
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Ƶץסҵ֣סж
ͬ㰲޷ֹϵˮϻ䡣
쳣˷ܣʼָɱ֡
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ǲǣԼҲ֤ԼԹĺܺãҪñң

ƤˣҲóеʲôеģ԰ɣ

ţС˵ҸͲѹԲԣ
Ƥɵ˺硣
ǳûս
Ϲ˺ѷεسҺš
ڵĿתͷңĽűߣɵһϢĿƤ
Ҫ𣿺
ֱֱӭϿ۾ؿڵá
ͻȻжǧأһ˲ûץסĵݡ˵ֵʱҵĳģһֱһֱ³֪ĶǾͷ

ˣ͵ûܻţ뿪Ȼңĺܺá
ҪĽôһŬȻһҺܻܿ֡رΨһһ¡

Ҫ𣿡
á
Ƥˡ
ĳˡ
09.2.11 ꡿

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ʤƺѾоѾȻ
һӰʤ
΢͵ؿųѾûϢĿƤһ˲˼Ǻҵֶûע⵽
ҵ˼˵Ǿ죬ɱ֡
ƫƫͷЩٶ۵仰̧ͷӭϳпĿ⣬ңԶ˼ǣҪͿһ𣿡
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ˣԲŹ涨Ա֮䲻ڶҺͺǲܾģʧˣ
۾Уǲ֣ҾԲڰΥϷ򣡿ңǻҵĻþ棡
ҿһ۳ĬĿ壬ֿ˿ѾʼĦȭƵķ̹ͷҿ˹ССһŵŽᾫ񣬡ǣҺų֣㵽Ҳһɱǰɡ
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һͷѯɣȴҲһ𾪡
ͷڡͷڡԭԭɲԾؿʼϱ任ޱȾʹġ

ԭˣǴеĹ̡ЦȻЦȴŨŨķ̡ãȫǻãһá
ͻȻһҺͿ弸ͬʱǡΪʲôûС
Ǹǽһ㣬ֱһ°ǿ죬ƤڿСΣնԭء
ܹݲеƤͬݰܸõҶɿݵֻʣͰ͵ıƤǱ˭һѴջһеĲңΪĿݹǡ
ѵǵ嶼
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Ҳã֪ҲãһжֻΪǾ仰
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СӣߺѾͷչҵӡ
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ͼ˷ʱ䡣߳ߣһ仰
ƲƲ죬СرƤʬ壬ͷһڵλá
Ѿͷ㣡ҿ˹һ֣Աޱա
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ҪٸˣŮĽɫһ㶼ʺ㡣
ұ죡
˵İ㳤̫ʵˡ
㣬Ѿգ죡
һǵûʻ֪ʺŵġ
Ҳұ죡
09.2.11 ꡿



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09.2.11 ꡿



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ֱضſ壬һ仰˵
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ŲҪˡ
Ҵԭأ޷
09.2.11 ꡿

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09.2.12 ꡿



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ߣʧŵشЦʤȯհ
˫֧Ų˵ϣҵͷŷ֣֪ʱһᴩ塣
ʹڲſʼУ־ϵʧȥֻл㱡
ԭԴԴڵҲͬϨĻͣ

ӰԽԽӰʼ֣Ůˣˡ
ԶԽԽ
Ϊʲô仹ô۾ȴģ
ƺ
̧ͷ̹ܿ԰Ѫɫͽյ۾
ұҪʲôţ
Ŷԣȷ̹
ھͳԵʡĻȥ¡
䡣
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̹ҲҪˣ
Ůˣ㻹û˲ŴǰЩ͵Ŀ⡣
ôص˾ȻǺǣãۿҳԵͬɡ

Ҫ֡Ҫ
ϡ̬
ԡԡ촽ųţ͵Լ޷̹ѹ

ܿƵͻȻڷײƴѰŷйĶ˿ڡعɰգƤҲҪһոɣһȫͬһȫںϣƴ
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µɫ·һ˲ɰԭ°ɫʼ͸ȫĲʺɫȫ͸ɫ
ž
¡ˡ
䣡
һ죬˲䱻һɾ޴˳ȥײӣаܵҶԶϡ
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Ҷ˵ˡ
ûˡ
Цˡ
ֽճȭָ׸ϸƤѪ˳ƽ͸ڡ
̹ҵֱߣ䱻ҽץС
һɾĻͷǿϣ·ʱʪһƬ
ûˡûˡ
ͻȻжǧأȻͳ
죬ȴɤѾ˵
áһõ
ãˡ
09.2.12 ꡿



һʵʵΡ
йһµޡ
Լһһ򵱹صĹ¡
ççԭѩɣ̲̲ѪڰɫĴϿһĻ䣬۵ľ

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ĵشӻתѣƤǧأȫͬմӹսʬһ㣬˳֫ȫŻİϤĻǿİϤʱ֪ǵһ䡰Ķ
ޱȵᡣ
ޱȵزм
ǣһΡתѡ֫ȫϤˡ׼ʳǾûԵߵġĶʱͻȻ򡪡Ƿܶ顣
˵۾ͲҪٱϼװûѡһ䲻ȵڴǷ̲סһš
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Ҫö㱾Ƥͺ˶֪ιȥΪһֻϣԷģ۾
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һǸûڶ˵ǻӰųƺ˵˽뿪͵ƵҲϣ
֣΢΢пͼҶүļһ´㳯ȥ߱һ䡰ˣȥϯ͡
үȻǺܶ˶й
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ʵϴӻĻشѾͷϯֻй¶ѣȻ˾Ӧù˵һ
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ԺʽҵλðɣȫˣǺǡ
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ܺá˽ȫһȻܽ
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յʱڴߺȲ衣
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ڵ˵ȲʵҳΨһҲŲʱ顣
б۾Ավıֱпʹү̾һû˵
Ϊʲô̾
һ˵ֻҪȳʶʱȫҪ࣬˳һɿ
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Եһΰͼں߷ʱͷͻȻһС
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Щ˯˵ֱ޷ܵĲʵ
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ָ׵ذͻȻ˼ȶĹʳָһѪӡ
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ǣѵûһ㶼𣿡
ɹؿ˽һ¡
һֱʱáȥ۲˵ǣڿûʱһ㶼ûбֳ桭Ϊʲô
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ϰڲκεı飬ȴѾҼѵؿڣɳƵǱ˭˵Ȩ
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ΪʲôǣǲԸأ
۾ʹᡣ
Ϊʲôǲңˣ
ôδ¶Ի˵ţһлû˵ꡣ
ԣҲ
09.2.12 ꡿



Ϊӽǡ

ʲôû
ܳʱԺ󣬵ٴλʱĻǻ˵ʱôڸǲԺУǣڿҫĶһ
ȻͬǵãϵرǶôԡ
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ԸԼһҵų
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ҵĴֻкһϤ糺ɫȹ͸ѪϦ
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ҺҪʧȥˡ
09.2.12 ꡿

Ϊ

ǵڲ֮ǰںͿʱ˵ּ⣬ǼǰڡվǴ̸֮һ漰⡣
ʱҸմӷϹ˴սӭҵľǿ峰Цݣ˵ʲôʱҲѧСŮ̬ˡ
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09.2.12 ꡿



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09.2.4 ꡿

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ʲô޹ؽҪ谭Զϵģһȥ




˵ʲôһعͷߵĿ壬СѾࡣ
ûлش
磬պͿغҲȫٱ·ص㡣
ųȲҪҽ
Ҽǵ֮ǰǱͷӽĶչ˰ɡ
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˭ҺϵҾȸ˭ġҲ⡣
Լƽһ㻺
ĵʲôѵ
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ΣɱֻϣԲ֡
̲סǡ
09.2.12 ꡿

ǰ

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ŶԭųôҰ
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09.2.12 ꡿

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ΪʲôҪҴ绰
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֪֪ҴܵʱͻȻ绰Ǹʲôĸо
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Ϊҿˣ
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ΪʲôжҿΪҸְ׳գҾô𣿣
ǳ˭òЩӱɡҰĹǿ˶Բ𡭡

ϴܾȻ֪ͨңֻԼǰɡ

Ĭ
үҵ㾹Ȼ飡ððҪǰɣǾ͸ϿҴӡһ˯¸̡ϳ֣

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˸ӵĿ⣬ֱѹ۾ϣĴ͸ƤҸѡ
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9̬ҵؾһ𣬸ߵ˹ǾͷĵĲ֣Ϊһƽһ˿ʷʹСĹϢ
ĳ۵糺ɫӰ㵸ĻҲɱһЩǳ鴤Ц
ôֹ嵭Цܽᷢԡ
˽һܰšı飬еѾʼĦȭƣеѾֹס˷Уӣ˷ֻܵһˡǾΰġ١ˡ
Уҷԣ
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Сܣ
ޣҡ
̣Сܷ߷ߵָſ壬İŸǿ𡭡ʹ
ջͷϵ֡С治ͷƺţֺۡ
Сܣ֪֪ΪʲôҪÿսүӻˣڵϣСܳʹı飬ؿڣһֵţȴܵزȥ̽

ΪʲôҪ￪սǰ飿
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Ϊпȥ˾ͻز׳աεҧгݣսȭͷһɿϿʲô飬ԣһⶼ
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˵Ƥץ֩뾫ĹµĻôҸ㣬ͯѹ·ӿɫƽ˵š

ƺϣڱ˵ϣһûϢעʧܵԸ롣
ֻǣϧûЩǸľΪĵ˵Ҫ֤νҸĴڡ
ˣ֪˺αص֮ĻҿǼζĳ

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ĵ˽СʱԺж׼ɡүӿڣֹСܵĻѾͷҹ
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ϻ˵Ӧ֪˵ʲô޵ֱ⡣Ѿͷ⡣
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Ŀ࣬бĶš֮ǰҽʱһֱ²⡣Һܺ棬ʱֻΧʵɫԲ󡣡

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ںϻڲϵԶţ˲ϴʹҸоκִܸУǣඥʹࡣ
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ֻ񣬲սϹʶġҵԸǰѾˡҿôθڵĳ档

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ԶĿ忴ҶڵЦüסĲʲôû˵ֻǵذ۾˱𴦡

ָ꣬Ƭ̣˲䣬ǣ׾Թ϶
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᳤޵˵ͷ϶һ㡣
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ҵЦţֳһ˵ҾȲôһɱ
Сͷһûпڷԡ
·һС顣
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ҶԿ˵ǧҪٱϵβɨס˾Ϳˡ
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ҶͶ̵ıӡ
ͬʱѱһһչЩҵϡ
յܵҼΪǸ
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ͬʱղŻ9˵̨·ֻʣǵھŸˡҡ
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09.2.12 ꡿

ս&#8226;ڶĻ

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ȴĵȼմӴ˼䣬Ҳ

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Ȼֻ̬վһ𣬲ֳǸһ¥ı̬ˮ׼ڵҰè˵ʵĸóġ
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09.2.4 ꡿

ת&#8226;Ļ

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ڵһδʱѾܱˣҰܵڵûС
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ĵαҲβϵġİڻϵͬʱ޴Ƕƿ˺Զ˲˿
ȫŭԺҪʲôֱøܶ
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ףʱ˵ġʱʹˡԲųҲʱЦ㡰ܳܡġ
ͷӵʺԶ룬Զ
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תͷ޴˸ƣ˲ҵ˼Һģǹ
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Һͬʱ˳ȥصײԱߵӣȴ΢ùҡ
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ȥ˲䣬ͷúһľԷֱķֻһˣĿһҷ󡪡
û´һֱԵĽϣʵһ嫵ġɵĴΪ
ʯΪΪŨصɱŰ֮һ˲䣬ռҵĴԣʹܿƵرߣ
ôҲŵںʹֻ࣬ڲϵԼ

ڳЦҵ֪һ㣬Ԥ׵أ·ͨһǿദľʹ˲ȫ
ǣ˵
ڵλã̲ס壬亹ȫѪ˳ԽԽ࣬ģκһζҪʹ֣
ݽغţܳܳүүܷ񣬷ܳܳܳ

˺ѷεӺƿնһϣͬȵľˣһʰ
ֹס쮳ۿƺҲ⡣
˿̣ȴֻʣΨһ뷨
壬Ҫܻ̹һΣѾҶٴҶκԹԣģ
09.2.4 ꡿

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ǵúܾǰϹʹԼĸһ⡣
˵ĸףְôûл
ʱϹꡣ
ļĸһͷںڵķ˿һֱѽֱųָףۺɫͬˮĸ׺˵ʱͷ˳żıǼ⣬ϸϸģǵֱ硣ʱĸ׾ͻа׵ָͷ¶ա
Ϲĸӡ
ΪǸĸ׳Ĭãûлشת뿪ˡ
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ܾԺϹ֪νġ̳ˡѵĸ峤Ҫģǵһͽȥˡ
ֱ꣬Ϲɱеľߣһ߳ѵصʱһĸ׵Ǹ⣬Ѿ˺ܶණ֪ĸǲˡ
룬ĸҲٰͻǹطȥ
ֻǿϧĸҲشˡ
ȻʱǨ˷ǣԲͬ粻ͬ˵ȴͻȻ֪ǸĴ𰸡
ţĸףİ뿪ˣ

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ѾˣȻ뵽ǰ顣
һϤţſ̹ʹͬϪ֮ޱȡŻʹϴģĹιǣ˿ȴֵġϪѹȥҲûҪըĳء
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ѹǧأѣһ˲ΪԼص˹ȥ̹ǿСʱأ˼龰
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һ˱Һݺ˵ذ壬µĵ˲ѡ
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ÿ˵һ仰Ҿͺݺһ£۾ѾʼɢذѾҵĿȫǡ
ͻȻһ٣һһѱץס͵Ϯұβ͡

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޸һ֮ɣֻвһʱ䡣һ޴֣׼˷
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ӲͳȥңͲˡ

Ƿž㵲ģ㾹Ȼҡ

ĻҲ޷



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̧ͷһƬɫĲ١ҲǺɫĴ۾
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Сɫ۾쳣ÿ
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ġƭǡ

ţĸסİ뿪ˣ
09.2.12 ꡿

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Сˮ׼תͻȻܵɱ졣
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նǰĲ裬һڡ˵ǽֵĲǳѺȣһҪҲС
ȻѺȡ
ӻҲһڣüʣ磬Ϊʲôȶ飿
ûд𻰣һĲ衣
ӻ˵ĸףĸ˵绹Ҫ
˵磬ǽ֣ȥھ÷ͧͷ
һ仰ʹеıӱΡ
ǽ֣Ϳһǽ֡
ȻҪԼȥ
ǡ
ӻҲҪȰ
Ȱʲôʲôû˵ʲôûûзûбԹʲôûС͹ȥһڳԷ˯ɱǮ
ҪȰʲô
ûпҪ£˷ͧۿʧԼ
ʹҲ
ô˭Ӧô
ôܴһʼ͸ı䷽
˷ͧΪʲôʹˣȻҩɾˣ
ǸʲôоͻȻǳĴ𰸡
ӻʱϹǽֻһµǳʺһӵĳϡ
ĸΪ׼ĺɫһ˲ΪվǰģǸһϹһǺɫһǾһվһװԼԱߣһԼıۣһǳǳ΢Ц
鲻ԽصͷߵŮӣǿһޱȵıһ㡣
ĸ΢̾Ϣ游ҡͷĶоעԼʲôںʲôں
Ŀ㣬ҵȫ䡣ʲôںֻ㡣
˵ʲôֻںӵУҲ˵ʲôֻҪһӡҪģͲЩ
ӲԼȥȫˣȻڣȴֻ뿴ǸϹŮǵЦݡֻ˵ĻںЩõʧȥ
Щ飬õõʧȥͿԺġ
ҲʹԼǴʲôʼǿʼȫͬ·
ţȻ뵽һʼǾûһ
ʹ쳣ѹ
ֻһòϣǣûһ
ȥǽֳȻ̤ǽֵһ𣬴Ա㿪ʼܿƵط
ʱȥȥӰŵĻأȥǸҹλʱܼĺɫӰ
ǸһʹϢˡ
һޱ飬һسĬһؿ˷ܵԼ䳯ߣһغѾ츲صӿ
˵СС쿴ӣΣǣ͵ǹıʹһء
ͷϵصͷ
źΣ˵ʵΪҪȥΣǣ̿ѩ˳챦ʯ
ɵͷ̧˳ͷ˵ϲͺá
˵¬ŬţҲԽԽǿ˵Ժжˣ˵ӻδǰ컹֣˵ĸ·ת͸˵ΪȫǺɫû˿Ҫ˵֩ܳ˵үү񶼺ѵǳ죬Ϊܸߡ
һֱ˵ţһֱ˵ţϵıḻʣϱá
˵˺ܶ䡰ϲͺá
ֻ֣˵ϲͺá
ǰϹһס֣˵СҪ̫ƴˡ
յͷһԼ֣˵ġ
Ϲҡҡͷһָֻ˵ӻңӷˣ޷㡣
㡣
ϹĺǰһůůģԼ쳣ո㲻
˵СүүһתңΪʲôʹ㻹ƴ
նؿǰϹᳶһ˿Цݡ
˵ġ
Ϲ˵ңǾͼ
Ȼ;һжֵˡ
ȫЦ˳ͷ˵ϲҲ񶼿ԡ
ҲãҲãһҲãá
ϲĻԡ
ֻ㣬ҪٸκΡκελӰ
ȥ㡣
ֻҡ
ԭΪݹ־쳤ؾá
ȻҪʱȴһֻǾˮµһЦΡ
̫ʳԼ
̫ˣΪӲȥ
ձſŷͧĴϹϻֵӰ
ȻЦ
ʲôá
ֻϣ㣬ȫľ˼ͳ硣
Ȼ󣬱ٶҺá

⡤ֻ

ϡǵϹ˵һ仰
ûڹɱˣǮܡ㹻ˡ
ʱļƣΪ˵ʲô춯صǻû뵽Ȼôֱ׼򵥣ȫϲķ
˵꣬Ϲ㳭ߵĶ˹
ڴЦŶϹӹľƿӺ㱷֣Լܣס仰ˡ
Ϲ˵ϲϵױұǡ˵ÿһοһֻڵµĸоüȫм˭֪ŮƲƲ˵˵ģֻҪߣҾ;Լš
ʣΪʲô
ϹΪûܣ㲻ġ
ЦǰɱһΡ
ϹҡͷҷԺԲɱˡ
ʣΪʲô
Ϲſܣܱ˵Ϊ㲻ð
ϹһԼȥ˿ƣȻһͬϪķ˺ܶɳʯֻĶʯ
룬ܺã
ܶʱϹڱԹ̫ãᵽʶʱ׾ӵ֣ŸЦĺڵͨƬ˵ķǳԲлգǿ塣
Ц룬ǲԼļ̫ˣôǹ飬Լȫǵһ˿©
˼ȥЩȫ鹦ԼͷԺ۾
ġ
ûʲô
ħʦǲмЩĵ顣
ֻǣֻǡ
һںȵĺơϹĶ磬˵һζ©
ֻǣǻİɡ
δڹ
ʶ꣬˵¡ʶʱͻȻ䱻һ״ѹţЩأų
ǰϹֻǸûеɬʵԼֲǣͨһԱѡʱôʶôģ
ǲɣˡ
ֻ֪ڵڣģ£죬һ㣬ڶϹ˵ѽѽǾȻʶˡ
Ϲһ򣬺˵ܲܲӼʶ˶ꣿҾʱŶսȥ޷ӻഺ
ƹȥһƱ˵СҲʿɶֹɣұ㣬ꣲˡ
Ϲֱһӱ˹˵ˣ˯ŵʱûжڣ㶮
ؽסٶȼĲӣ˳ԼһӣңЦ֪
Ϲ㡣
˵Сġ
ϹֺʲôĲĵİʲô£
̧ͷſڳһϤӰʱЦ翪ϹŬŬ죬˵ʾ֪ˡ
ϹعͷſڵĿ壬תͷɾԼǵͣʣҸղźû
ǸһĿӺͿվƿЦ
ʱ룬ϹԼ˵ǸʲôĴڡ
ȥȴָûʲôȷеĽ壬Ȳգİ˵϶֮Уҡҡڰڡ
룬һһôҲٲ԰Ρôʲôأϲ𣿻ֻͣ
˭֪ء
úĻ˵ħʦҪȥǵ⡣
ǣǡ
ǽڻεžƱţĳˮ⾰ЦЦ
ǣǲһİɡ
Щ飬Ȼ
˵ڲ֪ʶϹꡣ
ٱ˵ԼЩ̫Ϲ
ٱ˵Լ޷ĵϰߡ
ٱ˵ʹˣҲ޷
ͻȻЩ
ȥʹһ̵ıڣҪɱԼ?п͡
űߣոɴؽеıڣ뵽ԭѾ궼ûмˡϴμ棬пͼ϶ӻĽϣһɫװԱǴźɫϹͬǺɫװĿ塣
ǳûдǶ˷Ľת뿪
ûбԭֻǾãϹһɫۣյĺɫװѹ֡˶ѡ
Ȫ֮ŵʱԼϹںԼ֡ûκεͣ٣ǹеĻȣЦȪ֮صغϣе˿Ʒɡ
Ǳˡǿ?³³?пͣܶϹΪ顱еˡ
ûУǲܡ
Ψһģֻǳѡ
ѾǼˡ
ǴԺһȻ͡
궼ȥĶոһ˾ȵĴ𰸡˵ܳһʱ䶼Լ
Ծû
һ˵ӡ
˲˰
û׷ԭֻеضƱŲεĺɫҺ壬յӰӻȥ
գѵǼЩϼһǲ
̧ͷɫĴ۾գ£˵ûϵܿˡ
ü
˵ؼңʱһ½
һ㣬߽űӦѡ
ЩĿʼϵ³ϵ³ǰգԤ׵رһЦ
ĵ̧ͷϤĲ
ʱͿʱ򡣶Լ֮ǰϹոпͼ塣
ȻԲٽԻԷĺԼһս
ŷ֣ܶûü룬ܶûȥ⣬ܶϹ飬֪
֣ʹЩѹųĸоһ㶼á
һתԼ˷ſڡ˵ˡ
뿪ıӰЦصȡ
˵ҵҪȫҸĳݡ
ŲҾãֻʣҡ
ٴμϹʱ̨Ӧһս¥ͷεİ׳աԭһ̬ȣֱ۾̨ϵϹȻû顣
ɴϵؽ֣ȥ·ϸԼΪӰ㣬ֻΪֲǿԼȤ
ΪˣҲűġ
ֻΪеˣû⡣
ȻһκεԶĬʮͬʱ̧߿·ѰߡϹԼһ޵Ķ֪ΪһƬ䡣
Ϲ˵ˣ
ЦСأ
ϹƲ죬˵㻹ôƻһۿݼ
һЦ
ģֻ̫Ϥˡ޷ǹڿգֻʱΨһĺ󱳣޼᲻ݡ
軵ĽԸе
ϹԼˤɳУ֮ͬǰεĶһ˵ˣͶˡ
ݸһƣȻڶɳ¡
˵ҺͿ峳ˣͬҼп͵ģӼȻԼˣұҪȥ
ͷһھơ
˵˼СҪҵĹҲ롣
ͷ
˵ĸҪȰСɼңҸտڣӦˡҲʱκ¡
ԼıŶŮ겻ˡ
Ȼ˵ʵˡ
ǸվٵߵıӾԤ׵ͣƲܿƵش
ֻ˵Ϳ֮Լˣˡ
Цɫľ˳űУܣԡ߿ȱЦԼ۾ͣҲͣ
ҵĿᣬʪۿʪƣоһƬ̡
·Ůسֱ̧ۣͷʱ۾ǻָ糣ĿתǰϹϰԵȴֳޱȡ
Ϲֱ۾ã˵㲻
Ц˵С仰Ӧȥ߿塣
Ϲҡͷ˵Һ̰ġϣӮ޷䣬޷ܿȥͬҲ
ûһ죬ǻȥ
ͷЦ
˵֪˭޷ֹǡҲ֪ҪԷ֣ɱǶѣҸ֪˭䡣
̧ͷϹڵϣɳɴȹͺͷң˵ֻǣ
ʱ䳱ˮɱ뵽˼ǰ죬Ϲһ˵ˣֻҪߣҾ;ԼҲš
ŻȻԭԼҲͬˡ
Цţѵϵ˱ɳϣ˵ģ
ûڹɱˣǮܡЩ˵ģûаģȫ
Щźġ
Ǿã㹻ˡ
Ϊи˶˵Ҳ
ûаĳض밮ͷȻ̫أδʼѽ
ħʦ
˶ѡ
END
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